Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/ībrijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *ībr (“zeal; jealousy”) ‎ *-jan.

Verb

*ībrijan

1. to be zealous, eager
2. to be jealous

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*ībrijan
1st sg. past	*ībridā
Infinitive	*ībrijan
Genitive infin.	*ībrijannjas
Dative infin.	*ībrijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*ībrijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*ībriju	*ībridā
2nd singular	*ībrisi	*ībridēs, *ībridōs
3rd singular	*ībriþi	*ībridē, *ībridā
1st plural	*ībrijum	*ībridum
2nd plural	*ībriþ	*ībridud
3rd plural	*ībrijanþ	*ībridun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*ībrijē	*ībridī
2nd singular	*ībrijēs	*ībridī
3rd singular	*ībrijē	*ībridī
1st plural	*ībrijēm	*ībridīm
2nd plural	*ībrijēþ	*ībridīd
3rd plural	*ībrijēn	*ībridīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*ībri
Plural	*ībriþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*ībrijandī	*ībrid

Descendants

• Old Saxon: *īvaran
  • Middle Low German: īveren (“to prosecute, punish”)
    • German Low German: ieweren, iewern
      • → West Frisian: iverje
• Old Dutch: *īvaran
  • Middle Dutch: îveren
    • Dutch: ijveren (“to devote oneself to”)
• Old High German: *īfaran
  • Middle High German: īferen, īfern (“to strive; to be jealous of; to be zealous for”)
    • German: eifern
    • ⇒ Middle High German: īferunge (“zeal; jealousy”)