Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krasti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Per LIV, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krā́ˀtei *-sti (dʰé-conjugation), perhaps back-formed from the proto dʰi-imperative, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreh₂- (“to take, to gather”). Cognate with ye-present Latvian krât (“to gather, to heap”), Lithuanian krosnis (“oven”), Albanian krydh (“to steal, sneak”).

Daughter languages disagree on the exact accentology - South Slavic tends to have circumflex present stem and mobilility as expected from Meillet's law (similar to analogous *klasti), while Old Russian evinces for fixed acute paradigm. This is sometimes attributed to the influence of the perfective *kràdnǫti.

Dialectal Bulgarian also exhibits reflexes of athematic conjugation крам impf (kram, “to lurk into (in order to steal)”), of unclear diachronic origin.

Verb

*kràsti impf (perfective *kradnǫti)

1. to steal, to rob
2. (reflexive) ( *sę) to get into position to steal

Alternative forms

• *kradati

Conjugation

Conjugation of *krasti, *krade, *kradetь (impf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*kradenьje	*krasti	*krastъ	*kradlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*kradenъ	*kradomъ
Active	*kradъ	*krady

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*krad(ox)ъ	*krade	*krade	*kradǫ	*kradeši	*kradetь
Dual	*krad(ox)ově	*krad(e/os)ta	*krad(e/os)te	*kradevě	*kradeta	*kradete
Plural	*krad(ox)omъ	*krad(e/os)te	*kradǫ, *kradošę	*krademъ	*kradete	*kradǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*kraděaxъ	*kraděaše	*kraděaše	—	*kradi	*kradi
Dual	*kraděaxově	*kraděašeta	*kraděašete	*kraděvě	*kraděta	—
Plural	*kraděaxomъ	*kraděašete	*kraděaxǫ	*kraděmъ	*kraděte	—

Derived terms

Verbs:

• *jьzkrasti, *jьzkradati
• *okrasti, *okradati
• *pokrasti, *pokradati
• *sъkrasti, *sъkradati
• *ukrasti, *ukradati
• *zakrasti, *zakradati

Nouns:

• *kradenьje, *kradnь (“stealing, robbery”) (verbal nouns)
• *kraďa (“steal”), *kraďьba (“theft, robbery”)
• *kradežь, *kradьba (“thievery”)
• *kradьcь, *kradačь, *kradičь, *kradunъ, *kradějь (“thief”)
• *kradьlivъ (“larcenous”)

Related terms

• *kryti (“to conceal”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: кра́сці (krásci)
  • Russian: красть (krastʹ)
  • Ukrainian: кра́сти (krásty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: красти (krasti)

  • Bulgarian: крада́ (kradá); dial. кра́дя (krádja) (formally from *kraditi)
  • Macedonian: краде (krade)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кра̏сти

    Latin script: krȁsti

  • Slovene: krásti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: krásti
    • Czech: krást
  • Kashubian: krasc
  • Polish: kraść
  • Silesian: kraś
  • Slovak: krаsť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: kradnyć
    • Lower Sorbian: kšadnuś

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “красть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1985), “*krasti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 12 (*koulъkъ – *kroma/*kromъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 102
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крада”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 704