Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/derti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *derˀtéi (“to tear; to peel”), reanalyzed athematic root aorist of Proto-Indo-European *derH- (“to split, to separate; to tear, to crack, to shatter”).

Cognate with Lithuanian dérti (“to tear, to peel”) (Žemaitian dialect), as well as Ancient Greek δέρω (dérō, “to flay”), Proto-Germanic *teraną (“to tear; snatch or pull off [from]; tug”).

Verb

*dertì impf

1. to tear

Inflection

(South Slavic *dȅrǫ, influenced by *dьràti)

Conjugation of *derti, *der, *dьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dьrtьje	*derti	*dertъ	*dьrlъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dьrtъ	*dьromъ
Active	*dьrъ	*dьry

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*derxъ	*der	*der	*dьrǫ	*dьreši	*dьretь
Dual	*derxově	*dersta	*derste	*dьrevě	*dьreta	*dьrete
Plural	*derxomъ	*derste	*deršę	*dьremъ	*dьrete	*dьrǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dьrěaxъ	*dьrěaše	*dьrěaše	—	*dьri	*dьri
Dual	*dьrěaxově	*dьrěašeta	*dьrěašete	*dьrěvě	*dьrěta	—
Plural	*dьrěaxomъ	*dьrěašete	*dьrěaxǫ	*dьrěmъ	*dьrěte	—

Notes:
• (*)*dьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle

Related terms

• *dьrati (“to tear, to flay”)
• *udariti (“to strike, to hit”)
• *dьrvьňa (“cleansed land, field”)
• *dervo (“tree”)
• *dorbъ

Derived terms

• *dira, *diřa (“crack, hole; trace”)
• *dě̄rà (“crack, hole”)
• *derъ (“tearing, skinning; flayer”)
  • *kožederъ (“skinning”)
  • *živoderъ (“butcher”)
• *derь (“tearing”)
• *derьmо (“turd”)
• *derьba (“tearing, skinning”)
• *deračь, *derьcь (“flayer”)
• *deruga, *deřuga (“tat, sackcloth”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: дзерці (dzjerci)
  • Ukrainian: дерти (derty)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: дријѐти

    Latin script: drijèti

  • Slovene: drẹ́ti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dřieti
    • Czech: dřít
  • Polish: drzeć
  • Slovak: drieť
  • Slovincian: drzéc
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: drjeć, drěć
    • Lower Sorbian: drěś

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*derti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 209
• Dybo, V. A. (1981) “Slavjanskaja akcentologija. Opyt rekonstrukcii sistemy akcentnyx paradigm v praslavjanskom”, in Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Slavic and Balkan studies. Moscow: Nauka‎^[4], page 235: “*derti̍”