Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*pewh₂-^[1]

Root

*pewH-^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

to be clean, pure

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewH- (17 c, 0 e)

*péwH-e-ti (thematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páwHati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páwHati
    - Sanskrit: पवते (pávate)
*pu-né-H-ti ~ *pu-n-H-énti (nasal-infix present)^[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *punáHti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *punáHti
    - Sanskrit: पुनाति (punā́ti)
      - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀼𑀡𑀇 (puṇaï)
      - Pali: punāti
*powH-éye-ti (“to purify, to clean”, éye-causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pawHáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pawHáyati
    - Sanskrit: पवयति (paváyati)
- Proto-Germanic: *fawjaną (see there for further descendants)
*pḗwH-s-t ~ *péwH-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HápāwHšt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HápāwHṣṭ
    - Sanskrit: अपविष्ट (ápaviṣṭa), अपाविषुर् (ápāviṣur)
*pewH-ó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pawHás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pawHás
    - Sanskrit: पव (pavá)
*pewH-eno-s^[7]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pawHanas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pawHanas
    - Sanskrit: पवन (pávana)
*puH-ró-s^[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸūros (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *pūros^[8]
  - Latin: pūrus (see there for further descendants)
*puH-tó-s^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *puHtás
    - Sanskrit: पूत (pūtá)
      - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀽𑀅 (pūa)
  - → Proto-Finnic: *puhtas (“clean”)^[7] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *putos^[9]
  - Latin: putus
    - ⇒ Latin: putō (see there for further descendants)
*puH-yó-s (“purifying”)^[10]
- Proto-Italic: *pwījos (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pawHākás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pawHākás
    - Sanskrit: पावक (pāvaká) (metrically पवाक (pavāká))
  - Proto-Iranian: *pawHākáh
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (pā̮, “pure”)
    - Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: پاک (pāk)
      
      Northern Kurdish: pak (pāk), paqij (pāqīž)
    - Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      - Caspian:
        Gilaki: پاک (pāk)
        
        Old Mazanderani: پاک (pāk)
        Mazanderani: پاک (pāk)
      - Old Median:
        Harzani: پوک (pök)
      - Zaza-Gorani:
        Gurani: پاک (pāk)
        
        Zazaki: pak (pāk)
      - Parthian: (/⁠pawāg⁠/, “pure; holy”)
        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (pw'g)
        
        → Classical Persian: پاو (pāw, “pure; clean”)
    - Middle Persian: (/⁠pāk⁠/, “pure; clean; free; holy”)
      Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (pʾk), [Manichaean needed] (pʾq)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pʾk'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (DKYA)
      - Persian: پاک (pâk) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pawara or *pūra
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pawara or *pūra ^[7]
    - Northwest Pashayi: pūr (“bonfire”)
    - Shumashti: pōr (“burning embers”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *puHitíkas
  - Proto-Iranian: *puHitíkah
    - Avestan: 𐬞𐬏𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬐𐬀 (pūⁱtika)
      - → Middle Persian: (/⁠Pūidīg⁠/, “Persian Gulf”)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (pwytyk')
    - Central Kurdish: پەتی (petî, “pure”)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “faujan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 480
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pavⁱ-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 2378
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Michael Meier-Brügger, Matthias Fritz, Manfred Mayrhofer (2003) Indo-European Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, page 170
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “PAV¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 105
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pūros”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “puto”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “faujan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 132

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*peu̯H-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 480

[3] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “pavⁱ-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[4] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 2378

[Brugger-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Michael Meier-Brügger, Matthias Fritz, Manfred Mayrhofer (2003) Indo-European Linguistics, Walter de Gruyter, page 170

[Zair-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 120

[Mayrhofer-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “PAV¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 105

[8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pūros”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 500

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “puto”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 502

[10] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “pius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 468

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