Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ṓms

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁om(e)so-, *h₄om(e)so-,^[1] *h₁ōm(e)so-, *h₄ōm(e)so-^[2]
*h₂óm-s-s ~ *h₂m-és-m̥ ~ *h₂m̥-s-ós^[3]
*h₃emeso-^[4]
*h₃ém-ōs ~ *h₃m̥-s-ós^[5]
*h₃ems-o-^[6]^[7]

Noun

*h₂ṓms m (oblique stem *h₂em-)

shoulder

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂ṓms
genitive	*h₂emés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂ṓms	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómes
vocative	*h₂óm	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómes
accusative	*h₂ṓm	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómm̥s
genitive	*h₂emés	*?	*h₂emóHom
ablative	*h₂emés	*?	h₂emmós, h₂embʰós
dative	*h₂eméy	*?	h₂emmós, h₂embʰós
locative	h₂ém, h₂émi	*?	*h₂emsú
instrumental	*h₂eméh₁	*?	h₂emmís, h₂embʰís

Derived terms

*h₂ómes-o-s^[8]^[9]^[4]
- Proto-Italic: *omezos^[9]
  - Latin: umerus (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌖𐌆𐌄 (uze), 𐌏𐌍𐌔𐌄 (onse, loc.sg.)
*h₂óms-o-s^[10]^[11]
- Proto-Germanic: *amsaz^[5]^[11] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hámsas^[7] (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ṓms-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *ṓmhos
  - Ancient Greek: ὦμος (ômos)
    - Greek: ώμος (ómos)
- Proto-Tocharian: *ānse^[2]
  - Tocharian A: es
  - Tocharian B: āntse

Descendants

Proto-Armenian: *u(m)s^[3]
- Old Armenian: ուս (us)
  - Armenian: ուս (us)

References

^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āntse”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 46
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 643
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 43
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὦμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1679-1680
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “áṃsa-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “umerus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 640
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “om(e)so-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 778
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*amsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

[1] Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179

[Adams-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āntse”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 46

[Martirosyan-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 643

[Sihler-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 43

[Kroonen-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὦμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1679-1680

[IAIL-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “áṃsa-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[8] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[EDL-9] 9.0 ^9.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “umerus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 640

[10] Pokorny, Julius (1959) “om(e)so-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 778

[HGE-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*amsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

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