Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haiduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Apparently identical to Sanskrit केतु (ketú, “brightness, light; appearance, form, mark”), from Proto-Indo-European *koyt-ús, from the root *keyt- (“clear, bright, shining”), whence also *haidraz (“clear, bright”). A pre-form *keydʰ- is also possible.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑi̯.ðuz/

Noun

*haiduz m

1. manner, way
2. personality, character
3. appearance, aspect
4. rank, degree, status
5. state, condition
6. kind, sort; gender
7. (in compounds) -hood

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *haiduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*haiduz	*haidiwiz
vocative	*haidu	*haidiwiz
accusative	*haidų	*haidunz
genitive	*haidauz	*haidiwǫ̂
dative	*haidiwi	*haidumaz
instrumental	*haidū	*haidumiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *haidu; *-haidu, *-haidi
  • Old English: hād, -hād; *hǣd, *-hǣd, *-hǣdu
    • Middle English: had, hod, hode, hede; -had, -hod, -hed, -hede
      • Scots: had, hade, haid, -heid
      • English: hade, hede, hode, -hood; -head
  • Old Frisian: -hēd
    • Saterland Frisian: -haid, -gaid
    • West Frisian: -heid
  • Old Saxon: -hēd
    • Middle Low German: -heit
      • German Low German: -heid (East Frisian), -heit (Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommerisch, Paderbornisch), -heet, -het
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: -het
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -heit
      • → Swedish: -het
      • → Danish: -hed
      • → Icelandic: -heit
  • Old Dutch: *-hēd, *-heid
    • Middle Dutch: -heit
      • Dutch: -heid
        • Afrikaans: -heid
  • Old High German: heit, -heit
    • Middle High German: -heit
      • German: -heit, -keit
      • Yiddish: ־הייט (-heyt), ־קייט (-keyt)
  • >? Old French: hait (“emotion, joy”)
    • ⇒ Old French: haitier
• Old Norse: heiðr
  • Icelandic: heiður
  • Faroese: heiður
  • Norwegian Bokmål: heder
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: heider
  • Old Swedish: hēþer
    • Swedish: heder
  • Danish: hæder
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus)