Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kap'ërtadak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Verb
[edit]*kap'ërtadak (stem *kap'ërta-)[1]
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of *kap'ërtadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kap'ërdan | *kap'ërdoin | — | *kap'ërtagon |
| 2nd sing. | *kap'ërdat | *kap'ërdoit | *kap'ërdak | *kap'ërtagos |
| 3rd sing. | *kap'ërtapi *kap'ërta |
*kap'ërtoi | *kap'ërtakahën | *kap'ërtakohën |
| 1st plur. | *kap'ërdakmëk *kap'ërdakmak |
*kap'ërtoimëk *kap'ërtoimak |
*kap'ërtakadëmëk *kap'ërtakadamak |
*kap'ërtakodëmëk *kap'ërtakodamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kap'ërdaktëk *kap'ërdaktak |
*kap'ërtoidëk *kap'ërtoidak |
*kap'ërtakadë *kap'ërtakada |
*kap'ërtagot'ëk *kap'ërtakodadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kap'ërtabat *kap'ërta |
*kap'ërtoi | *kap'ërtakahën | *kap'ërtakohën |
| passive | *kap'ërdaksën *kap'ërdat'aksën |
*kap'ërtatihën *kap'ërdattihën |
*kap'ërtatagasën *kap'ërdattagasën |
*kap'ërtatagosën *kap'ërdattagosën |
| connegative | *kap'ërdak | — | *kap'ërtagak | *kap'ërtagok |
| passive connegative | *kap'ërdaktak | — | *kap'ërtatagak *kap'ërdattagak |
*kap'ërtatagok *kap'ërdattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kap'ërdakcin | *kap'ërtoicin | *kap'ërtanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kap'ërdakcit | *kap'ërtoicit | *kap'ërtanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kap'ërdakci | *kap'ërtoici | *kap'ërtani | |
| 1st plur. | *kap'ërdakcimëk *kap'ërdakcimak |
*kap'ërtoicimëk *kap'ërtoicimak |
*kap'ërtanëmëk *kap'ërtanëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kap'ërdakcidëk *kap'ërdakcidak |
*kap'ërtoicidëk *kap'ërtoicidak |
*kap'ërtanëdëk *kap'ërtanëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kap'ërdakci | *kap'ërtoici | *kap'ërtani | |
| passive | *kap'ërtadakcisën *kap'ërdat'akcisën |
*kap'ërtaticisën *kap'ërdatticisën |
*kap'ërtatanësën *kap'ërdattanësën | |
| connegative | *kap'ërdakcik | *kap'ërtoicik | *kap'ërtanëk | |
| passive connegative | *kap'ërtadakcik *kap'ërdat'akcik |
*kap'ërtaticik *kap'ërdatticik |
*kap'ërtatanëk *kap'ërdattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kap'ërtadak | present | *kap'ërtapa | *kap'ërtataba *kap'ërdattaba |
| infinitive 2 | *kap'ërtatë- | past | *kap'ërtanut | *kap'ërtatu *kap'ërdattu |
| gerund/supine | *kap'ërtama | |||
| action noun | *kap'ërtaminen | |||
Descendants
[edit]- Estonian: kaperdama/kaperdada
- Finnish: (dialectal) kapertaa
- Karelian:
- Livvi: ⇒ kaperoija
- Võro: kapõrdama/kapõrdaq
References
[edit]- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kap̆përta-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][1] (in Finnish)
Further reading
[edit]- “kaperdama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “kapertaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words][2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN