Karjala
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See also: karjala
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]karja -la. In the sense "Karelia", most likely in the older (and now obsolete) "army" sense of karja (as borrowed from Proto-Germanic *harjaz), although it could also have the modern meaning "livestock, cattle", if it originally meant "an area that could support large amounts of livestock". Alternatively, Saarikivi (2024) has proposed that the name could originate from a given name like *Karie, *Karei, if the form *Kariela is actually original.[1] The municipality in southwestern Finland may be named after Karjakoski (karja koski), a village near Mynämäki.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]Karjala
- Karelia (region shared between Russia and Finland)
- A former municipality of Varsinais-Suomi, in southwestern Finland.
- a Finnish surname
Usage notes
[edit]- The Russian Republic of Karelia is referred to as Karjalan tasavalta in Finnish.
Declension
[edit]Inflection of Karjala (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat | |
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloiden Karjaloitten | |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloita | |
illative | Karjalaan | Karjaloihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat | |
accusative | nom. | Karjala | Karjalat |
gen. | Karjalan | ||
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloiden Karjaloitten Karjalain rare | |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloita | |
inessive | Karjalassa | Karjaloissa | |
elative | Karjalasta | Karjaloista | |
illative | Karjalaan | Karjaloihin | |
adessive | Karjalalla | Karjaloilla | |
ablative | Karjalalta | Karjaloilta | |
allative | Karjalalle | Karjaloille | |
essive | Karjalana | Karjaloina | |
translative | Karjalaksi | Karjaloiksi | |
abessive | Karjalatta | Karjaloitta | |
instructive | — | Karjaloin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
[edit]Statistics
[edit]- Karjala is the 2558th (tied with 6 other surnames) most common surname in Finland, belonging to 314 individuals, according to February 2023 data from the Digital and Population Data Services Agency of Finland.
References
[edit]- ^ Janne Saarikivi (2024) “Vieläkin sananen itämerensuomalaisten etnonyymien tutkimuksesta”, in Sofia Björklöf, editor, Itämeren kieliapajilta Volgan verkoille: Pühendusteos Riho Grünthalile 22. mail 2024 (Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia; 278), Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, →ISBN, pages 863–610
- ^ Sirkka Paikkala, editor (2007), Suomalainen paikannimikirja [Book of Finnish Place names] (in Finnish), Helsinki: Karttakeskus, Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus, →ISBN
Further reading
[edit]- Disambiguation page on
Karjala on the Finnish Wikipedia.Wikipedia fi.
Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From karjala (“Karelian”). Akin to Finnish Karjala and Estonian Karjala.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjəɫ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈkɑrjɑlɑ/, [ˈkɑrjɑɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑrjɑl, -ɑrjɑlɑ
- Hyphenation: Kar‧ja‧la
Proper noun
[edit]Karjala
- Karelia (a region of Russia and Finland)
- 1916, Volmari Porkka, quoting Mapu Uudestakylestä, “1286. Soikkola, Oussimäki, III151”, in Väinö Salminen, V. Alava, editor, Suomen Kansan Vanhat Runot. Länsi-Inkerin runot[1], volume III2, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, lines 1-2:
- Kasvoi kaksi poikoi lasta, // Yksi kasvoi Karjalassa;
- There grew two little boys, // One grew in Karelia;
Declension
[edit]Declension of Karjala (type 3/kana, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | Karjala | Karjalat |
genitive | Karjalan | Karjaloin |
partitive | Karjalaa | Karjaloja |
illative | Karjalaa | Karjaloihe |
inessive | Karjalaas | Karjalois |
elative | Karjalast | Karjaloist |
allative | Karjalalle | Karjaloille |
adessive | Karjalaal | Karjaloil |
ablative | Karjalalt | Karjaloilt |
translative | Karjalaks | Karjaloiks |
essive | Karjalanna, Karjalaan | Karjaloinna, Karjaloin |
exessive1) | Karjalant | Karjaloint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Categories:
- Finnish terms suffixed with -la (toponym)
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑrjɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑrjɑlɑ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish proper nouns
- fi:Historical political subdivisions
- fi:Places in Finland
- Finnish surnames
- Finnish kulkija-type nominals
- fi:Regions of Finland
- fi:Republics of Russia
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑl
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑl/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑrjɑlɑ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian proper nouns
- izh:Regions of Finland
- izh:Places in Russia
- izh:Places in Finland
- Ingrian terms with quotations