A Uyghur nation-state that existed from 1933 to 1934 and 1944 to 1946 in modern-day Xinjiang.
1946 December 5, Military Information: Sinkiang Rebellions 1931-1937[1], page 9:
Within the independent government of the East Turkestan Republic, while Sabid-da-Mulla insisted upon defending the Old City of Kashgar to the death, Mahum and Nias wanted to quit the Old City for the time being, withdraw to Ying-chi-sha, and plan a second uprising.
[1953 April 13, “The Soviet-Sponsored Uprising in Kuldja/The Establishment of the East Turkestan People's Republic”, in Information Report[2], Central Intelligence Agency, published 2014, archived from the original on May 17, 2021, page 1:
Among the many White Russians who were taken to the USSR, three were later returned by the Soviets to play major roles in the separation of the three northwestern regions of Ili, Tarbagati and Altai from the rest of Sinkiang and in the establishment of the pro-Soviet East Turkestan People's Republic [hereafter referred to as ETPR].]
Relations between the Uighurs and the Chinese have always been bad, but in the last few years they’ve gotten even worse, especially since early 1997, when fighting flared in Yining, the capital of the short-lived East Turkestan Republic. Details are sketchy because the central government cordoned off Xinjiang from the rest of the world, but it appears that unrest — and subsequent executions — left several hundred dead, perhaps more.
