Appendix:Hungarian pronouns
Main category: Hungarian pronouns
Personal pronouns
[edit]| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case name | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| Nominative | én | te | ő | mi | ti | ők |
| Accusative | engem (engemet) |
téged (tégedet) |
őt | minket bennünket |
titeket benneteket |
őket |
The table below contains personal pronouns[1] with case suffixes (aside from accusative), which morphologically consist of a case suffix (originally a stem) or a postposition and a personal suffix.
Note: Each of the following forms can be emphasized by adding the nominative pronouns in front of them, e.g. nekem or énnekem, neked or teneked, neki or őneki. (In the third person plural the singular ő can be added for emphasis: nekik or őnekik.)
See also
[edit]Possessive pronouns
[edit]| Possessor | Singular possession | Plural possession | English | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular possessor | 1st person | enyém | enyéim | mine |
| 2nd person | tied/tiéd (informal) magáé (formal) öné (official) |
tieid/tiéid (informal) magáéi (formal) önéi (official) |
yours (singular) | |
| 3rd person | övé | övéi | his/hers/its | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | mienk/miénk | mieink/miéink | ours |
| 2nd person | tietek/tiétek (informal) maguké (formal) önöké (official) |
tieitek/tiéitek (informal) magukéi (formal) önökéi (official) |
yours (plural) | |
| 3rd person | övék | övéik | theirs | |
See also
[edit]Reflexive pronouns
[edit]- Each reflexive pronoun form in the table below can be prefixed with ön- (self-) and jó- (lit. ’good’) or can be used with saját to create contrast:
- Még önmagát sem ismeri. - He does not know even his own self.
- Jómagam biztos nem vennék ilyet. – As far as I am concerned, I certainly wouldn’t buy something like this.
- Nem neki veszem, hanem saját magamnak. - I am buying this for myself, not for him.
Reciprocal pronouns
[edit]| Case name | Hungarian | English |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | egymás | each other |
| Accusative | egymást | each other |
| Dative | egymásnak | to each other |
| Instrumental-comitative | egymással | with each other |
| Causal-final | egymásért | for each other |
| Translative | egymássá | (changing) into each other |
| Terminative | egymásig | up to each other |
| Essive-formal | egymásként | as each other |
| Essive-modal | – | |
| Inessive | egymásban | in each other |
| Superessive | egymáson | on each other |
| Adessive | egymásnál | at each other |
| Illative | egymásba | into each other |
| Sublative | egymásra | onto each other |
| Allative | egymáshoz | to each other |
| Elative | egymásból | from each other |
| Delative | egymásról | about each other |
| Ablative | egymástól | from each other |
Demonstrative pronouns
[edit]- Hungarian makes a two-way distinction between demonstratives. One set indicates objects close to the speaker (e.g. ez = this, ezek = these), and the other indicates objects further removed from the speaker (e.g. az = that, azok = those).
- The demonstratives do not inflect with gender, but can take on case suffixes both in singular and plural:
- Ebben a házban nem lakik senki. - No one lives in this house.
- Ezekben a házakban nem lakik senki. - No one lives in these houses.
- Demonstrative pronouns can refer to nouns (ez, az), adjectives (ilyen, olyan, ekkora, akkora) and amounts (ennyi, annyi).
- Each demonstrative can be prefixed with ugyan- (the same) to emphasize the sameness.
- Nekem ugyanilyen ruhám van. - I have a dress same as this.
- Demonstratives that refer to objects close to the speaker can be prefixed with em- to refer to another object that is also close to the speaker:
- Ez a könyv az enyém, emez pedig a barátomé. - This book is mine and this other over here is my friend's.
- Demonstratives that refer to objects farther from the speaker can be prefixed with am- to refer to another object that is also farther from the speaker:
- Az a könyv az enyém, amaz pedig a barátomé. - That book is mine and that other over there is my friend's.
| Referring to | Hungarian | English | Hungarian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noun | ez | this | az | that |
| emez | this other | amaz | that other | |
| ugyanez | this same | ugyanaz | that same | |
| Adjective | ily, ilyen | such | oly, olyan | such |
| emilyen | such like this | amolyan | such like that | |
| ugyanilyen | same as this | ugyanolyan | same as that | |
| ilyenféle, ilyesféle, ilyenfajta, ilyenforma, ilyenszerű | this kind | olyanféle, olyasféle, olyanfajta, olyanforma, olyanszerű | that kind | |
| ekkora | this size | akkora | that size | |
| ugyanekkora | this same size | ugyanakkora | that same size | |
| Amount | ennyi | this much | annyi | that much |
| emennyi | this other amount | amannyi | that other amount | |
| ugyanennyi | this same amount | ugyanannyi | that same amount |
References
[edit]- Hungarian, by István Kenesei, Robert Michael Vágó, Anna Fenyvesi, Routledge, 1998
- Küszöbszint - Hungarian as foreign language