Appendix:Greek script
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This appendix explains characters written in the Greek script.
This article lists, for Standard Modern Greek, the 24 letters of the alphabet, the diacritical marks, punctuation marks and additional, rarely found, archaic letters some of which are still used today.
Alphabet
[edit]See also: Greek alphabet
| English | Greek | u/c | l/c | English | Greek | u/c | l/c | English | Greek | u/c | l/c | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | alpha | άλφα | Α | α | 9 | iota | γιώτα | Ι | ι | 17 | rho | ρο | Ρ | ρ | ||
| 2 | beta | βήτα | Β | β | 10 | kappa | κάππα | Κ | κ | 18 | sigma | σίγμα | Σ | σ | ||
| 3 | gamma | γάμα | Γ | γ | 11 | lambda | λάμδα | Λ | λ | 19 | tau | ταυ | Τ | τ | ||
| 4 | delta | δέλτα | Δ | δ | 12 | mu | μι | Μ | μ | 20 | upsilon | ύψιλον | Υ | υ | ||
| 5 | epsilon | έψιλον | Ε | ε | 13 | nu | νι | Ν | ν | 21 | phi | φι | Φ | φ | ||
| 6 | zeta | ζήτα | Ζ | ζ | 14 | xi | ξι | Ξ | ξ | 22 | chi | χι | Χ | χ | ||
| 7 | eta | ήτα | Η | η | 15 | omicron | όμικρον | Ο | ο | 23 | psi | ψι | Ψ | ψ | ||
| 8 | theta | θήτα | Θ | θ | 16 | pi | πι | Π | π | 24 | omega | ωμέγα | Ω | ω |
Diacritics
[edit]See also: Greek diacritics
Since the introduction of the monotonic system of spelling in 1982 there have only been two diacritics in everyday writing: the accent ΄ (the τόνος) and the diaeresis ¨ (the διαλυτικά), occasionally these are combined ΅ as in καΐκι (kaḯki). In general, every word of more than one syllable will be stressed on one of the last three syllables, and this will be marked with an accent.
Greek has two other marks used when writing Greek numbers: the numeral sign ʹ (eg Δʹ = 4) and the lower numeral sign ͵ (eg ͵Δ = 4,000)
Variant letters
[edit]| English | Greek | |
|---|---|---|
| turned iota | γιώτα | ℩ |
| final sigma | σίγμα | ς† |
† Called σίγμα τελικό (sígma telikó, “final sigma”), this letter is only used as the final letter of a word.
Archaic letters
[edit]See also: Archaic Greek alphabets
Letters which are no longer used in Modern Greek or have special uses.
| English | Greek | u/c | l/c | notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| digamma | δίγαμμα | Ϝ | ϝ | the Greek number Ϝ΄ (= 6). |
| pamphylian digamma | δίγαμμα | Ͷ | ͷ | |
| stigma | στίγμα | Ϛ | ϛ | the Greek number Ϛ΄ (= 6). |
| heta | ήτα | Ͱ | ͱ | |
| yot | γιοτ | Ϳ | ϳ | |
| san | σαν | Ϻ | ϻ | |
| koppa | κόππα | Ϟ | ϟ | the Greek number Ϟ΄ (= 90). |
| old koppa | κόππα | Ϙ | ϙ | the Greek number Ϙ΄ (= 90). |
| sampi | σαμπί | Ϡ | ϡ | the Greek number Ϡ΄ (= 900). |
| old sampi | σαμπί | Ͳ | ͳ | the Greek number Ͳ΄ (= 900). |
| sho | σω | Ϸ | ϸ |
Unicode
[edit]| Code16 | Code10 | Result | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| U 0374 | Alt 884 | ʹ | Greek Numeral Sign |
| U 0375 | Alt 885 | ͵ | Greek Lower Numeral Sign |
| U (0376-0379) | undefined | ||
| U 037A | Alt 890 | ͺ | Greek Ypogegrammeni (iota subscript) |
| U 037B | Alt 891 | ͻ | Greek Small Reversed Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 037C | Alt 892 | ͼ | Greek Small Dotted Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 037D | Alt 893 | ͽ | Greek Small Reversed Dotted Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 037E | Alt 894 | ; | Greek Question Mark |
| U 037F | Alt 895 | Ϳ | Greek Capital Letter Yot |
| U (0380-0383) | undefined | ||
| U 0384 | Alt 900 | ΄ | Greek Tonos (acute accent) |
| U 0385 | Alt 901 | ΅ | Greek Dialytika Tonos (diaeresis accent) |
| U 0386 | Alt 902 | Ά | Greek Capital Letter Alpha with Tonos |
| U 0387 | Alt 903 | · | Greek Ano Teleia (Raised point) |
| U 0388 | Alt 904 | Έ | Greek Capital Letter Epsilon with Tonos |
| U 0389 | Alt 905 | Ή | Greek Capital Letter Eta with Tonos |
| U 038A | Alt 906 | Ί | Greek Capital Letter Iota with Tonos |
| U 038B | undefined | ||
| U 038C | Alt 908 | Ό | Greek Capital Letter Omicron with Tonos |
| U 038D | undefined | ||
| U 038E | Alt 910 | Ύ | Greek Capital Letter Upsilon with Tonos |
| U 038F | Alt 911 | Ώ | Greek Capital Letter Omega with Tonos |
| U 0390 | Alt 912 | ΐ | Greek Small Letter Iota with Dialitika and Tonos |
| U 0391 | Alt 913 | Α | Greek Capital Letter Alpha |
| U 0392 | Alt 914 | Β | Greek Capital Letter Beta |
| U 0393 | Alt 915 | Γ | Greek Capital Letter Gamma |
| U 0394 | Alt 916 | Δ | Greek Capital Letter Delta |
| U 0395 | Alt 917 | Ε | Greek Capital Letter Epsilon |
| U 0396 | Alt 918 | Ζ | Greek Capital Letter Zeta |
| U 0397 | Alt 919 | Η | Greek Capital Letter Eta |
| U 0398 | Alt 920 | Θ | Greek Capital Letter Theta |
| U 0399 | Alt 921 | Ι | Greek Capital Letter Iota |
| U 039A | Alt 922 | Κ | Greek Capital Letter Kappa |
| U 039B | Alt 923 | Λ | Greek Capital Letter Lambda |
| U 039C | Alt 924 | Μ | Greek Capital Letter Mu |
| U 039D | Alt 925 | Ν | Greek Capital Letter Nu |
| U 039E | Alt 926 | Ξ | Greek Capital Letter Xi |
| U 039F | Alt 927 | Ο | Greek Capital Letter Omicron |
| U 03A0 | Alt 928 | Π | Greek Capital Letter Pi |
| U 03A1 | Alt 929 | Ρ | Greek Capital Letter Rho |
| U 03A2 | undefined | ||
| U 03A3 | Alt 931 | Σ | Greek Capital Letter Sigma |
| U 03A4 | Alt 932 | Τ | Greek Capital Letter Tau |
| U 03A5 | Alt 933 | Υ | Greek Capital Letter Upsilon |
| U 03A6 | Alt 934 | Φ | Greek Capital Letter Phi |
| U 03A7 | Alt 935 | Χ | Greek Capital Letter Chi |
| U 03A8 | Alt 936 | Ψ | Greek Capital Letter Psi |
| U 03A9 | Alt 937 | Ω | Greek Capital Letter Omega |
| U 03AA | Alt 937 | Ϊ | Greek Capital Letter Iota with Dialytika |
| U 03AB | Alt 939 | Ϋ | Greek Capital Letter Upsilon with Dialitika |
| U 03AC | Alt 940 | ά | Greek Small Letter Alpha with Tonos |
| U 03AD | Alt 941 | έ | Greek Small Letter Epsilon with Tonos |
| U 03AE | Alt 942 | ή | Greek Small Letter Eta with Tonos |
| U 03AF | Alt 943 | ί | Greek Small Letter Iota with Tonos |
| U 03B0 | Alt 944 | ΰ | Greek Small Letter Upsilon with Dialitika and Tonos |
| U 03B1 | Alt 945 | α | Greek Small Letter Alpha |
| U 03B2 | Alt 946 | β | Greek Small Letter Beta |
| U 03B3 | Alt 947 | γ | Greek Small Letter Gamma |
| U 03B4 | Alt 948 | δ | Greek Small Letter Delta |
| U 03B5 | Alt 949 | ε | Greek Small Letter Epsilon |
| U 03B6 | Alt 950 | ζ | Greek Small Letter Zeta |
| U 03B7 | Alt 951 | η | Greek Small Letter Eta |
| U 03B8 | Alt 952 | θ | Greek Small Letter Theta |
| U 03B9 | Alt 953 | ι | Greek Small Letter Iota |
| U 03BA | Alt 954 | κ | Greek Small Letter Kappa |
| U 03BB | Alt 955 | λ | Greek Small Letter Lambda |
| U 03BC | Alt 956 | μ | Greek Small Letter Mu |
| U 03BD | Alt 957 | ν | Greek Small Letter Nu |
| U 03BE | Alt 958 | ξ | Greek Small Letter Xi |
| U 03BF | Alt 959 | ο | Greek Small Letter Omicron |
| U 03C0 | Alt 960 | π | Greek Small Letter Pi |
| U 03C1 | Alt 961 | ρ | Greek Small Letter Rho |
| U 03C2 | Alt 962 | ς | Greek Small Letter Final Sigma |
| U 03C3 | Alt 963 | σ | Greek Small Letter Sigma |
| U 03C4 | Alt 964 | τ | Greek Small Letter Tau |
| U 03C5 | Alt 965 | υ | Greek Small Letter Upsilon |
| U 03C6 | Alt 966 | φ | Greek Small Letter Phi |
| U 03C7 | Alt 967 | χ | Greek Small Letter Chi |
| U 03C8 | Alt 968 | ψ | Greek Small Letter Psi |
| U 03C9 | Alt 969 | ω | Greek Small Letter Omega |
| U 03CA | Alt 970 | ϊ | Greek Small Letter Iota with Dialytika |
| U 03CB | Alt 971 | ϋ | Greek Small Letter Upsilon with Dialytika |
| U 03CC | Alt 972 | ό | Greek Small Letter Omicron with Tonos |
| U 03CD | Alt 973 | ύ | Greek Small Letter Upsilon with Tonos |
| U 03CE | Alt 974 | ώ | Greek Small Letter Omega with Tonos |
| U 03CF | undefined | ||
| U 03D2 | Alt 978 | ϒ | Greek Upsilon with hook Symbol |
| U 03D3 | Alt 979 | ϓ | Greek Upsilon with acute and hook Symbol |
| U 03D4 | Alt 980 | ϔ | Greek Upsilon with diaeresis and hook Symbol |
| U 03D7 | Alt 983 | ϗ | Greek Kai Symbol (equiv to &) |
| U 03D8 | Alt 984 | Ϙ | Greek Letter Archaic Koppa |
| U 03D9 | Alt 985 | ϙ | Greek Small Letter Archaic Koppa |
| U 03DA | Alt 986 | Ϛ | Greek Letter Stigma |
| U 03DB | Alt 987 | ϛ | Greek Small Letter Stigma |
| U 03DC | Alt 988 | Ϝ | Greek Letter Digamma |
| U 03DD | Alt 989 | ϝ | Greek Small Letter Digamma |
| U 03DE | Alt 990 | Ϟ | Greek Letter Koppa |
| U 03DF | Alt 991 | ϟ | Greek Small Letter Koppa |
| U 03E0 | Alt 992 | Ϡ | Greek Letter Sampi |
| U 03E1 | Alt 993 | ϡ | Greek Small Letter Sampi |
| U (03E2-03EF) | are Coptic letters | ||
| U 03F2 | Alt 1010 | ϲ | Greek Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 03F3 | Alt 1011 | ϳ | Greek Letter Yot |
| U 03F4 | Alt 1012 | ϴ | Greek Capital Theta Symbol |
| U 03F5 | Alt 1013 | ϵ | Greek Lunate Epsilon Symbol |
| U 03F6 | Alt 1014 | ϶ | Greek Reversed Lunate Epsilon Symbol |
| U 03F7 | Alt 1015 | Ϸ | Greek Capital Letter Sho |
| U 03F8 | Alt 1016 | ϸ | Greek Small Letter Sho |
| U 03F9 | Alt 1017 | Ϲ | Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 03FA | Alt 1018 | Ϻ | Greek Capital Letter San |
| U 03FB | Alt 1019 | ϻ | Greek Small Letter San |
| U 03FC | Alt 1020 | ϼ | Greek Rho with stroke Symbol |
| U 03FD | Alt 1021 | Ͻ | Greek Capital Reversed Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 03FE | Alt 1022 | Ͼ | Greek Capital Dotted Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 03FF | Alt 1023 | Ͽ | Greek Capital Reversed Dotted Lunate Sigma Symbol |
| U 2129 | Alt 8489 | ℩ | Turned Greek Small Letter Iota |