-tta
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Uralic *-kta.
Suffix
[edit]-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
- Suffix for the abessive case, without.
Usage notes
[edit]- Suffixed to the genitive stem in the singular, to the same stem as the inessive in the plural.
- Not very commonly used outside of set phrases, especially the singular forms. The only abessive forms still in general use are abessive forms of the third infinitive.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the abessive case is used.
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- -ti (has developed into the general abessive case suffix in most Nyland and South Tavastian dialects)
Etymology 2
[edit]Derived from the assimilated final consonant of the stem, *k or *h, plus the partitive suffix -ta.
Suffix
[edit]-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
- A suffix for the partitive singular.
Usage notes
[edit]- Used predominantly for words whose nominative singular ends in -e and which lengthen that final -e in other singular cases, as well as for ordinal numerals starting from kolmas. Traditionally also for ori.
- See the appendix on Finnish nominal cases for more information on how the partitive case is used.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-tta, from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kta.
Suffix
[edit]-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA)
- Forms certain adverbs, typically of manner.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Finnic *-tta, if *aitta contains this suffix; otherwise there are no corresponding forms even in the other Finnic languages. Alternatively, examples of this suffix may instead originally represent contractions from aitta, like most of -tto words as well, except for literary coinages.
Suffix
[edit]-tta (front vowel harmony variant -ttä, linguistic notation -ttA) (rare)
- Forms some nouns, generally for places.
Usage notes
[edit]Suffixed to the weak stem and appears to cause the final -a- to change to -e- in the same way as -mpi, -ella, -ntaa, -eta do. This may, however, be a gap in data, as karjetta and ometta may both be formed analogously to navetta, and the suffix -tto (which is derived from -tta) does not appear to exhibit this behavior.
Derived terms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tta
- (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person singular past tense of verbs (definite conjugation).
- (verbal-participle suffix) Forms the verbal participle of certain verbs, always following the agent noun.
- szí (“to suck”) -tta → [nap]szítta [haj] (“[hair] bleached by [the sun]”, literally “sun-sucked hair”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (past-tense and verbal-participle suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -tta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)
- -tte is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)
- -otta is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)
- -ette is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -ötte is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
- (noun-forming suffix) Variants:
- -ta is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -te is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -tte is added to front-vowel verbs that originally ended in a vowel (like jön, originally jő)
- -ata is added to back-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like hall)
- -ete is added to front-vowel verbs that form the infinitive with a linking vowel (like kell)
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Károly, Sándor. Az istenadta-féle szerkezetek személyragos tagjának szófaji jellegéről (“On the part of speech of the personal-suffixed elements of istenadta [‘God-given’]-like structures”). In: Nyelvtudományi Közlemények (“Linguistic Publications”), vol. 59 (1957), pp. 130–150.
- Simonyi, Zsigmond. Isten-adta (“God-given”). In: Magyar Nyelvőr (“Hungarian Language Guardian”), vol. XXXVI (1907), pp. 16–35 in the offprint (issue 5, May 15 in the original, pp. 193–205, 264–271).
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tta
- This suffix forms a class of neuter abstract nouns from adjectives and nouns, and express the state, nature or quality of being that which is denoted by the adjective or noun.
- Synonym: -tā
Declension
[edit]Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | -ttaṃ | -ttāni |
Accusative (second) | -ttaṃ | -ttāni |
Instrumental (third) | -ttena | -ttehi or -ttebhi |
Dative (fourth) | -ttassa or -ttāya or -ttatthaṃ | -ttānaṃ |
Ablative (fifth) | -ttasmā or -ttamhā or -ttā | -ttehi or -ttebhi |
Genitive (sixth) | -ttassa | -ttānaṃ |
Locative (seventh) | -ttasmiṃ or -ttamhi or -tte | -ttesu |
Vocative (calling) | -tta | -ttāni |
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic
- Finnish rare terms
- Finnish case suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Pali lemmas
- Pali suffixes