-talan
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Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From the Proto-Uralic *-tt (privative suffix) *-l (nominal suffix), then in the Ancient Hungarian era the -n (adverbial suffix) was added.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-talan (comparative -talanabb, superlative leg- -talanabb)
- (adjective-forming suffix) -less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
- hajlék (“home”) -talan → hajléktalan (“homeless”)
- boldog (“happy”) -talan → boldogtalan (“unhappy”)
- arány (“proportion”) -talan → aránytalan (“disproportionate”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (adjective-forming suffix) Variants:
- -talan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -telen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -tlan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tlen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -atlan is added to back-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -etlen is added to front-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -talan | -talanok |
| accusative | -talant | -talanokat |
| dative | -talannak | -talanoknak |
| instrumental | -talannal | -talanokkal |
| causal-final | -talanért | -talanokért |
| translative | -talanná | -talanokká |
| terminative | -talanig | -talanokig |
| essive-formal | -talanként | -talanokként |
| essive-modal | -talanul | -talanokul |
| inessive | -talanban | -talanokban |
| superessive | -talanon | -talanokon |
| adessive | -talannál | -talanoknál |
| illative | -talanba | -talanokba |
| sublative | -talanra | -talanokra |
| allative | -talanhoz | -talanokhoz |
| elative | -talanból | -talanokból |
| delative | -talanról | -talanokról |
| ablative | -talantól | -talanoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-talané | -talanoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-talanéi | -talanokéi |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -talan in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)