-skella
Appearance
Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-skëldak, initial component from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-śk- and the latter equivalent to -ella.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-skella (front vowel harmony variant -skellä, stem -skele-, linguistic notation -skele- or -skellA)
- Forms frequentative verbs, chiefly from bisyllabic stems.
Usage notes
[edit]A preceding -a- or -ä- becomes an -e- (compare -ella).
Conjugation
[edit]Inflection of -skella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -skelen | en -skele | 1st sing. | olen -skellut | en ole -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -skelet | et -skele | 2nd sing. | olet -skellut | et ole -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -skelee | ei -skele | 3rd sing. | on -skellut | ei ole -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -skelemme | emme -skele | 1st plur. | olemme -skelleet | emme ole -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -skelette | ette -skele | 2nd plur. | olette -skelleet | ette ole -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -skelevat | eivät -skele | 3rd plur. | ovat -skelleet | eivät ole -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -skellaan | ei -skella | passive | on -skeltu | ei ole -skeltu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -skelin | en -skellut | 1st sing. | olin -skellut | en ollut -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -skelit | et -skellut | 2nd sing. | olit -skellut | et ollut -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -skeli | ei -skellut | 3rd sing. | oli -skellut | ei ollut -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -skelimme | emme -skelleet | 1st plur. | olimme -skelleet | emme olleet -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -skelitte | ette -skelleet | 2nd plur. | olitte -skelleet | ette olleet -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -skelivat | eivät -skelleet | 3rd plur. | olivat -skelleet | eivät olleet -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -skeltiin | ei -skeltu | passive | oli -skeltu | ei ollut -skeltu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -skelisin | en -skelisi | 1st sing. | olisin -skellut | en olisi -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -skelisit | et -skelisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -skellut | et olisi -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -skelisi | ei -skelisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -skellut | ei olisi -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -skelisimme | emme -skelisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -skelleet | emme olisi -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -skelisitte | ette -skelisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -skelleet | ette olisi -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -skelisivat | eivät -skelisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -skelleet | eivät olisi -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -skeltaisiin | ei -skeltaisi | passive | olisi -skeltu | ei olisi -skeltu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -skele | älä -skele | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -skelkoon | älköön -skelko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -skellut | älköön olko -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -skelkaamme | älkäämme -skelko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -skelkaa | älkää -skelko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -skelkoot | älkööt -skelko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -skelleet | älkööt olko -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -skeltakoon | älköön -skeltako | passive | olkoon -skeltu | älköön olko -skeltu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | -skellen | en -skelle | 1st sing. | lienen -skellut | en liene -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | -skellet | et -skelle | 2nd sing. | lienet -skellut | et liene -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | -skellee | ei -skelle | 3rd sing. | lienee -skellut | ei liene -skellut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | -skellemme | emme -skelle | 1st plur. | lienemme -skelleet | emme liene -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | -skellette | ette -skelle | 2nd plur. | lienette -skelleet | ette liene -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | -skellevat | eivät -skelle | 3rd plur. | lienevät -skelleet | eivät liene -skelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | -skeltaneen | ei -skeltane | passive | lienee -skeltu | ei liene -skeltu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | -skella | present | -skeleva | -skeltava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | -skellut | -skeltu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | -skellessa | -skeltaessa | agent4 | -skelema | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | -skelematon | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -skellen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | -skelemassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | -skelemasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | -skelemaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | -skelemalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | -skelematta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | -skeleman | -skeltaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | -skeleminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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Derived terms
[edit]Ingrian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-skëldak. Cognates include Finnish -skella.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-skella (front vowel variant -skellä)
- Used to form frequentative verbs.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of -skella (type 12/kuulla, no gradation) | |||||
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Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | -skelen | en -skele | 1st singular | oon -skelt, oon -skellut | en oo -skelt, en oo -skellut |
2nd singular | -skelet | et -skele | 2nd singular | oot -skelt, oot -skellut | et oo -skelt, et oo -skellut |
3rd singular | -skeloo | ei -skele | 3rd singular | ono -skelt, ono -skellut | ei oo -skelt, ei oo -skellut |
1st plural | -skelemma | emmä -skele | 1st plural | oomma -skelleet | emmä oo -skelleet |
2nd plural | -skeletta | että -skele | 2nd plural | ootta -skelleet | että oo -skelleet |
3rd plural | -skeloot1), -skelevat2), -skellaa | evät -skele, ei -skella | 3rd plural | ovat -skelleet | evät oo -skelleet, ei oo -skeltu |
impersonal | -skellaa | ei -skella | impersonal | ono -skeltu | ei oo -skeltu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | -skelin | en -skelt, en -skellut | 1st singular | olin -skelt, olin -skellut | en olt -skelt, en olt -skellut |
2nd singular | -skelit | et -skelt, et -skellut | 2nd singular | olit -skelt, olit -skellut | et olt -skelt, et olt -skellut |
3rd singular | -skeli | ei -skelt, ei -skellut | 3rd singular | oli -skelt, oli -skellut | ei olt -skelt, ei olt -skellut |
1st plural | -skelimma | emmä -skelleet | 1st plural | olimma -skelleet | emmä olleet -skelleet |
2nd plural | -skelitta | että -skelleet | 2nd plural | olitta -skelleet | että olleet -skelleet |
3rd plural | -skeliit1), -skelivat2), -skeltii | evät -skelleet, ei -skeltu | 3rd plural | olivat -skelleet | evät olleet -skelleet, ei olt -skeltu |
impersonal | -skeltii | ei -skeltu | impersonal | oli -skeltu | ei olt -skeltu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | -skelisin | en -skelis | 1st singular | olisin -skelt, olisin -skellut | en olis -skelt, en olis -skellut |
2nd singular | -skelisit, -skeliist1) | et -skelis | 2nd singular | olisit -skelt, olisit -skellut | et olis -skelt, et olis -skellut |
3rd singular | -skelis | ei -skelis | 3rd singular | olis -skelt, olis -skellut | ei olis -skelt, ei olis -skellut |
1st plural | -skelisimma | emmä -skelis | 1st plural | olisimma -skelleet | emmä olis -skelleet |
2nd plural | -skelisitta | että -skelis | 2nd plural | olisitta -skelleet | että olis -skelleet |
3rd plural | -skelisiit1), -skelisivat2), -skeltais | evät -skelis, ei -skeltais | 3rd plural | olisivat -skelleet | evät olis -skelleet, ei olis -skeltu |
impersonal | -skeltais | ei -skeltais | impersonal | olis -skeltu | ei olis -skeltu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | -skele | elä -skele | 2nd singular | oo -skelt, oo -skellut | elä oo -skelt, elä oo -skellut |
3rd singular | -skelkoo | elköö -skelko | 3rd singular | olkoo -skelt, olkoo -skellut | elköö olko -skelt, elköö olko -skellut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | -skelkaa | elkää -skelko | 2nd plural | olkaa -skelleet | elkää olko -skelleet |
3rd plural | -skelkoot | elkööt -skelko, elköö -skeltako | 3rd plural | olkoot -skelleet | elkööt olko -skelleet, elköö olko -skeltu |
impersonal | -skeltakkoo | elköö -skeltako | impersonal | olkoo -skeltu | elköö olko -skeltu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | -skellen | en -skelle | |||
2nd singular | -skellet | et -skelle | |||
3rd singular | -skelloo | ei -skelle | |||
1st plural | -skellemma | emmä -skelle | |||
2nd plural | -skelletta | että -skelle | |||
3rd plural | -skelloot | evät -skelle, ei -skeltane | |||
impersonal | -skeltannoo | ei -skeltane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | -skella | present | -skeleva | -skeltava | |
2nd | inessive | -skellees | past | -skelt, -skellut | -skeltu |
instructive | -skellen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (-skelkaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | -skelommaa | |||
inessive | -skelomas | ||||
elative | -skelomast | ||||
abessive | -skelomata | ||||
4th | nominative | -skelomiin | |||
partitive | -skelomista, -skelomist |
Derived terms
[edit]Categories:
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish verb-forming suffixes
- Finnish tulla-type verbs
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian suffixes