-on
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- (Physics) From -on in electron, reinforced by Ancient Greek -ον (-on) ending neuter nouns and adjectives.
- (Chemistry) From -on in carbon, first applied to boron and then to silicon.
Suffix
[edit]-on
- (physics, mathematics and biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).
- (biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.
- (chemistry) Forming names of noble gases and certain nonmetal elements (such as boron or silicon).
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Anagrams
[edit]Cebuano
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -hon — after vowels without glottal stops
- -un, -hun — nonstandard
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən. Cognate with Ilocano -en and Tagalog -in).
Suffix
[edit]-on (verb-forming suffix, inchoative gi-, contemplative -on, imperative -a, negative -a)
- patient trigger verbal affix, infinitive form
- non-durative action; an action done unto something or someone without necessarily referencing the duration of the act; see Perfective aspect
- (with verbs of motion) go to do/get/achieve something
- (with roots referring to a state) make into such state
- (with adjectives referring to manner) do something in such manner
- (with names or titles) call someone by that name or title
- Kuyahon ka niya ― He calls you "kuya"
- (uncommon, with words referring to time) do at such time
- Ugmaon na lang 'ni nako. ― I will just do this tomorrow.
- (with things that can be used as an instrument to hit something) strike with so-and-so
- Bakyaon nako siya ― I will hit him/her with a wooden slipper
- contemplative aspect of -on
Usage notes
[edit]- Often, the stress is moved to the next syllable after affixation:
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on (adjective-forming suffix)
- (added to adjectives) somewhat, kind of, -ish
- (added to Spanish monetary numbers) worth much
- forms demonyms
Usage notes
[edit]- In the first and second senses, the stress is always on the last syllable:
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on (noun-forming suffix)
- Alternative form of -onon
- Duna pa koy hatagon nimo. ― I still have something to give you.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- John U. Wolff (1972) A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan[1] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pages 1158-1159
Danish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
- (organic chemistry) -one
- (particles) -on
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]See -Vn (illative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-on
- Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn.
Anagrams
[edit]Franco-Provençal
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- forms augmentative nouns
Derived terms
[edit]French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-in (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.
Suffix
[edit]-on
- Forming diminutives of things, including some animals.
- Forming augmentatives of things.
- Indicating origin or occupation.
Descendants
[edit]- → English: -oon
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.
Suffix
[edit]-on
Derived terms
[edit]Gothic
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-ōn
- Romanization of -𐍉𐌽
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-on (superessive case suffix)
Usage notes
[edit]- (superessive case suffix) Variants:
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-on
- (verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem ― often an onomatopoeia ― to form a verb, normally expressing an instantaneous action.
- oson (“to sneak”) (the instantaneous element is not present here)
Usage notes
[edit]- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
Conjugation
[edit]Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -onok | -onsz | -on | -onunk | -ontok | -onnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | -ontam | -ontál | -ont | -ontunk | -ontatok | -ontak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -onni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -onék | -onál | -ona | -onánk | -onátok | -onának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -on vala, -ont vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | -onandok | -onandasz | -onand | -onandunk | -onandotok | -onandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -onnék | -onnál | -onna | -onnánk | -onnátok | -onnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ont volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -onjak | -onj or -onjál |
-onjon | -onjunk | -onjatok | -onjanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ont légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | -onni | -onnom | -onnod | -onnia | -onnunk | -onnotok | -onniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
-onás | -onó | -ont | ― | -onva (-onván) | |||||
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhatok | -onhatsz | -onhat | -onhatunk | -onhattok | -onhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | -onhattam | -onhattál | -onhatott | -onhattunk | -onhattatok | -onhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -onhaték | -onhatál | -onhata | -onhatánk | -onhatátok | -onhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -onhat vala, -onhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | -onhatandok or -onandhatok |
-onhatandasz or -onandhatsz |
-onhatand or -onandhat |
-onhatandunk or -onandhatunk |
-onhatandotok or -onandhattok |
-onhatandanak or -onandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhatnék | -onhatnál | -onhatna | -onhatnánk | -onhatnátok | -onhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -onhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhassak | -onhass or -onhassál |
-onhasson | -onhassunk | -onhassatok | -onhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -onhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (-onhatni) | (-onhatnom) | (-onhatnod) | (-onhatnia) | (-onhatnunk) | (-onhatnotok) | (-onhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-onhatva / -onhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-on
Usage notes
[edit]- (adverb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -n is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -an is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -on is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -en is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant, as well as some front-vowel words ending in a vowel (see above).
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-on
- (chiefly dialectal or archaic, personal suffix) Forms the indefinite third-person singular suffix (currently only in the imperative mood as part of -jon, formerly also occurring in the indicative).
Usage notes
[edit]- (archaic personal suffix) Variants:
See also
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Szinnyei József: Alaktani adalékok (in Nyelvtudományi Közlemények, 1903, see page 249 in the PDF, page 243 in the original)
- Ifj. Domokos Pál Péter: Még egyszer a felelin-féle igealakokról (page 4 in the PDF, page 32 in the original)
Mohawk
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
- forms perfective aspect, which require patient pronouns
References
[edit]- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, pages 371-372
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
- (physics, mathematics and biology) Used to form nouns denoting subatomic particles, quanta, molecular units, or substances; -on
- proton, elektron, nøytron, boson, gluon ― proton, electron, neutron, boson, gluon
- (chemistry, biology, genetics) Used to form nouns denoting certain organic compounds; -one, -on
- aceton, testosteron, kodon ― acetone, testosterone, codone
Pronunciation 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
- (chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical substances and industrial products; -on
- radon, orlon, rayon ― radon, orlon, rayon
References
[edit]- “-on” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Old Saxon
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.
Suffix
[edit]-on
- (verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of class 2 weak verbs (an alternative ending -oian is sometimes found instead of -on)
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | -on | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | -on | -oda |
2nd person singular | -os | -odes |
3rd person singular | -od | -oda |
plural | -iod | -odun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | -o | -odi |
2nd person singular | -os | -odis |
3rd person singular | -o | -odi |
plural | -ion | -odin |
imperative | present | |
singular | -o | |
plural | -iod | |
participle | present | past |
-ondi | -od |
Descendants
[edit]Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on m inan or m pers
Declension
[edit]Inanimate declension:
Animate declension:
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -on in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Spanish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)
Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Most likely originally from smultron (“wild strawberry”) and nypon (“rosehip”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a suffix. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on n
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
- Pluralisation suffix
Etymology 2
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person plural preterite
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person plural preterite
Etymology 3
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-on
- Noun suffix
Derived terms
[edit]- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- en:Physics
- en:Mathematics
- en:Biology
- en:Genetics
- en:Chemistry
- en:Element nomenclature
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Philippine
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Philippine
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano suffixes
- Cebuano terms with usage examples
- Cebuano terms with uncommon senses
- Danish lemmas
- Danish suffixes
- da:Organic chemistry
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- nl:Functional group suffixes
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish case suffixes
- Franco-Provençal terms inherited from Latin
- Franco-Provençal terms derived from Latin
- Franco-Provençal lemmas
- Franco-Provençal suffixes
- Franco-Provençal masculine suffixes
- ORB
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French terms derived from Frankish
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French diminutive suffixes
- French terms borrowed from Ancient Greek
- French terms derived from Ancient Greek
- fr:Physics
- fr:Biology
- Gothic non-lemma forms
- Gothic romanizations
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian case suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian dialectal terms
- Hungarian suffixes with archaic senses
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/uːn
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- nb:Physics
- nb:Mathematics
- nb:Biology
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples
- nb:Chemistry
- nb:Genetics
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɔn
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with homophones
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Old Saxon terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon suffixes
- Old Saxon class 2 weak verbs
- Old Saxon weak verbs
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔn/1 syllable
- Polish terms with homophones
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Polish inanimate suffixes
- Polish personal suffixes
- Polish suffixes with multiple animacies
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Spanish obsolete forms
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Swedish neuter suffixes
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh suffixes
- Welsh colloquialisms