-illa

See also: illa, Illa, illâ, ilʹlʹa, and -illä

Catalan

Suffix

-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illes)

diminutive suffix for feminine nouns
forms feminine nouns meaning "type of"

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -illa

Finnish

Etymology

Originally a variant of -ella used on verbs ending in -ata, -ota, -ätä, having developed by vowel contraction: -Aðele- (-oðele-) > -A.ele- (-o.ele-) > -Aile- (-oile-). Denominal use has been innovated in literary Finnish in the 20th century.

Suffix

-illa (front vowel harmony variant -illä, stem -ile-, linguistic notation -ile- or -illA)

Forms frequentative verbs. The resulting verb often describes a more or less leisurely or long-lasting activity, or an activity that is not overly goal-oriented.
‎salata (“to keep a secret”) ‎-illa → ‎salailla (“to be secretive”)
Forms action verbs which denote an activity closely related with a noun.
‎auto (“car”) ‎-illa → ‎autoilla (“to drive a car”) (but not ˣautota)

‎maja (“hut”) ‎-illa → ‎majailla (“to stay temporarily”) (but not ˣmajata)

‎pallo (“ball”) ‎-illa → ‎palloilla (“to play a ball game”) (but not ˣpallota)

Conjugation

Inflection of -illa (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation)

indicative mood

present tense

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ilen

en -ile

1st sing.

olen -illut

en ole -illut

2nd sing.

-ilet

et -ile

2nd sing.

olet -illut

et ole -illut

3rd sing.

-ilee

ei -ile

3rd sing.

on -illut

ei ole -illut

1st plur.

-ilemme

emme -ile

1st plur.

olemme -illeet

emme ole -illeet

2nd plur.

-ilette

ette -ile

2nd plur.

olette -illeet

ette ole -illeet

3rd plur.

-ilevat

eivät -ile

3rd plur.

ovat -illeet

eivät ole -illeet

passive

-illaan

ei -illa

passive

on -iltu

ei ole -iltu

past tense

pluperfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ilin

en -illut

1st sing.

olin -illut

en ollut -illut

2nd sing.

-ilit

et -illut

2nd sing.

olit -illut

et ollut -illut

3rd sing.

-ili

ei -illut

3rd sing.

oli -illut

ei ollut -illut

1st plur.

-ilimme

emme -illeet

1st plur.

olimme -illeet

emme olleet -illeet

2nd plur.

-ilitte

ette -illeet

2nd plur.

olitte -illeet

ette olleet -illeet

3rd plur.

-ilivat

eivät -illeet

3rd plur.

olivat -illeet

eivät olleet -illeet

passive

-iltiin

ei -iltu

passive

oli -iltu

ei ollut -iltu

conditional mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-ilisin

en -ilisi

1st sing.

olisin -illut

en olisi -illut

2nd sing.

-ilisit

et -ilisi

2nd sing.

olisit -illut

et olisi -illut

3rd sing.

-ilisi

ei -ilisi

3rd sing.

olisi -illut

ei olisi -illut

1st plur.

-ilisimme

emme -ilisi

1st plur.

olisimme -illeet

emme olisi -illeet

2nd plur.

-ilisitte

ette -ilisi

2nd plur.

olisitte -illeet

ette olisi -illeet

3rd plur.

-ilisivat

eivät -ilisi

3rd plur.

olisivat -illeet

eivät olisi -illeet

passive

-iltaisiin

ei -iltaisi

passive

olisi -iltu

ei olisi -iltu

imperative mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

—

1st sing.

—

2nd sing.

-ile

älä -ile

2nd sing.

—

3rd sing.

-ilkoon

älköön -ilko

3rd sing.

olkoon -illut

älköön olko -illut

1st plur.

-ilkaamme

älkäämme -ilko

1st plur.

—

2nd plur.

-ilkaa

älkää -ilko

2nd plur.

—

3rd plur.

-ilkoot

älkööt -ilko

3rd plur.

olkoot -illeet

älkööt olko -illeet

passive

-iltakoon

älköön -iltako

passive

olkoon -iltu

älköön olko -iltu

potential mood

present

perfect

person

positive

negative

person

positive

negative

1st sing.

-illen

en -ille

1st sing.

lienen -illut

en liene -illut

2nd sing.

-illet

et -ille

2nd sing.

lienet -illut

et liene -illut

3rd sing.

-illee

ei -ille

3rd sing.

lienee -illut

ei liene -illut

1st plur.

-illemme

emme -ille

1st plur.

lienemme -illeet

emme liene -illeet

2nd plur.

-illette

ette -ille

2nd plur.

lienette -illeet

ette liene -illeet

3rd plur.

-illevat

eivät -ille

3rd plur.

lienevät -illeet

eivät liene -illeet

passive

-iltaneen

ei -iltane

passive

lienee -iltu

ei liene -iltu

Nominal forms

infinitives

participles

active

passive

active

passive

1st

-illa

present

-ileva

-iltava

long 1st¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-illakseni	-illaksemme
2nd	-illaksesi	-illaksenne
3rd	-illakseen -illaksensa

past

-illut

-iltu

2nd

inessive²

-illessa

-iltaessa

agent⁴

-ilema

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-illessani	-illessamme
2nd	-illessasi	-illessanne
3rd	-illessaan -illessansa

negative

-ilematon

instructive

-illen

—

¹⁾ Used only with a possessive suffix.

²⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
³⁾ Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

⁴⁾ Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.

3rd

inessive

-ilemassa

—

elative

-ilemasta

—

illative

-ilemaan

—

adessive

-ilemalla

—

abessive

-ilematta

—

instructive

-ileman

-iltaman

4th³

verbal noun

-ileminen

5th¹

Possessive forms
Person	sing.	plur.
1st	-ilemaisillani	-ilemaisillamme
2nd	-ilemaisillasi	-ilemaisillanne
3rd	-ilemaisillaan -ilemaisillansa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -illa

References

Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

Anagrams

Alli, alli, lila

Latin

Suffix

-illa

inflection of -illus:
1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

Suffix

-illā

ablative feminine singular of -illus

Spanish

Alternative forms

-illo (with masculine nouns)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish -iella, from Latin -ella.

Suffix

-illa f (noun-forming suffix, plural -illas)

added to feminine nouns to denote a diminutive form
Synonyms: -ita, -cita

Coordinate term: -illo

Usage notes

If the noun has a final vowel (usually -a), it is dropped before adding -illa.
In most cases, -illa is used simply to indicate a small or endeared thing, without changing the basic meaning of the noun; however, in some cases, it is used to effect a greater change in meaning, such as bombilla (“light-bulb”), from bomba (“bomb”).
Different nouns tend to prefer different diminutive suffixes (see synonyms), though some nouns accept multiple diminutives and there is often regional or personal variation.
For masculine nouns ending in “-a”, there is some alternation between the gender-reflecting diminutive -illo and the ending-reflecting diminutive -illa. When the latter is used, -ill- may be considered an infix.

Derived terms

Spanish terms suffixed with -illa

-illa

Catalan

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

Finnish

Etymology

Suffix

Conjugation

Derived terms

See also

References

Anagrams

Latin

Suffix

Suffix

Spanish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Further reading