飛ぶ

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Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
飛
と
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
跳ぶ
翔ぶ

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *tənpu. Cognate with Okinawan 飛ぶん (tubun).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「飛ぶ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形) 		飛ぶ とぶ [tòbú]
Imperative (命令形) 飛べ とべ [tòbé]
Key constructions
Passive 飛ばれる とばれる [tòbárérú]
Causative 飛ばせる とばせる [tòbásérú]
Potential 飛べる とべる [tòbérú]
Volitional 飛ぼう とぼー [tòbóꜜò]
Negative 飛ばない とばない [tòbánáí]
Negative perfective 飛ばなかった とばなかった [tòbánáꜜkàttà]
Formal 飛びます とびます [tòbímáꜜsù]
Perfective 飛んだ とんだ [tòńdá]
Conjunctive 飛んで とんで [tòńdé]
Hypothetical conditional 飛べば とべば [tòbéꜜbà]

Verb

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飛(と)ぶ • (tobu) intransitive godan (stem 飛(と)び (tobi), past 飛(と)んだ (tonda))

  1. to fly
  2. 跳ぶ: to jump
  3. to go quickly
  4. to splash, splatter

Usage notes

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This spelling of tobu usually denotes flying rather than jumping, as opposed to 跳ぶ which is reserved for the latter.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "飛ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 飛ば とば toba
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 飛び とび tobi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 飛べ とべ tobe
Meireikei ("imperative") 飛べ とべ tobe
Key constructions
Passive 飛ばれる とばれる tobareru
Causative 飛ばせる
飛ばす 		とばせる
とばす 		tobaseru
tobasu
Potential 飛べる とべる toberu
Volitional 飛ぼう とぼう tobō
Negative 飛ばない とばない tobanai
Negative continuative 飛ばず とばず tobazu
Formal 飛びます とびます tobimasu
Perfective 飛んだ とんだ tonda
Conjunctive 飛んで とんで tonde
Hypothetical conditional 飛べば とべば tobeba
Classical conjugation of "飛ぶ" (バ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 飛ば とば toba
Continuative (連用形) 飛び とび tobi
Terminal (終止形) 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Attributive (連体形) 飛ぶ とぶ tobu
Realis (已然形) 飛べ とべ tobe
Imperative (命令形) 飛べ とべ tobe
Key constructions
Negative 飛ばず とばず tobazu
Contrasting conjunction 飛べど とべど tobedo
Causal conjunction 飛べば とべば tobeba
Conditional conjunction 飛ばば とばば tobaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 飛びき とびき tobiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 飛びけり とびけり tobikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 飛びつ とびつ tobitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 飛びぬ とびぬ tobinu
Perfect-continuative tense 飛べり
飛びたり		 とべり
とびたり		 toberi
tobitari
Volitional 飛ばむ とばむ tobamu

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ “飛・跳”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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