閻

See also: 閆, 阎, and 闫

閻 U 95BB, 閻 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-95BB ← 閺 [U 95BA] CJK Unified Ideographs 閼 → [U 95BC]

Translingual

Han character

閻 (Kangxi radical 169, 門 8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 日弓弓竹難 (ANNHX), four-corner 7777₇, composition ⿵門臽)

Derived characters

• 𠐩, 嚪, 壛, 𡣽, 𢸴, 㶄, 櫩, 爓, 𦢨, 𤯐, 𥌸, 䌪, 讇, 𨇝, 𧂄, 𥶿, 㿕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1337, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41379
• Dae Jaweon: page 1842, character 31
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4305, character 11
• Unihan data for U 95BB

Chinese

trad.		閻
simp.		阎
2nd round simp.		闫
alternative forms		閆／闫 𨳔

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 閻
Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊	*ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	*ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮	*ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	*ljom, *loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Appears to be conflated with 嚴 in many lects.”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yán (yan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyan²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): ien⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiàm

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): ie¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ngǐng / ngîng
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngièng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): giâm / iâm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiam⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶gni; ⁶yi
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyienn²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yán
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yán
    • Wade–Giles: yen²
    • Yale: yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nyan²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: nan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲan²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jim⁴
    • Yale: yìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ien⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiam²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯am¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yam²
    • Sinological IPA: /iam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)
    • Wiktionary: ie¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ie¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐng / ngîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiŋ²¹/, /ŋiŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋieŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giâm
    • Tâi-lô: giâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giaam
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiam²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiam¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iâm
    • Tâi-lô: iâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iaam
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /iam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iam¹³/

Note:

• giâm - vernacular (including surname);
• iâm - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ngiam⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngiâm
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiam⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶gni; ⁶yi
    • MiniDict: nyi^去; yi^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyi; ³hhi
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲi²³/, /ɦi²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: nyienn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yem

Rime
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余廉切
Baxter	yem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/
Li Rong	/iɛm/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ][a]m/

  (Zhengzhang): /*lom/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ yem ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ][a]m/
English	gate over street or lane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	閻
Reading #	1/1
No.	13564
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鹽
Old Chinese	/*lom/

Definitions

閻

1. village gate
2. a surname

   閻錫山／阎锡山  ―  Yán Xīshān  ―  Yan Xishan

Usage notes

See 闫.

Compounds

• 窮閻漏屋／穷阎漏屋
• 閭閻／闾阎 (lǘyán)
• 閻君／阎君 (Yánjūn)
• 閻家河／阎家河 (Yánjiāhé)
• 閻摩／阎摩 (Yánmó)
• 閻浮／阎浮 (yánfú)
• 閻王／阎王 (Yánwáng)
• 閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó)

 

Japanese

Kanji

閻

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. village gate
2. good-looking
3. used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit

Readings

• On (unclassified): えん (en)、せん (sen)
• Kun: ちまた (chimata)、ひらく (hiraku)、すすめる (susumeru)

Compounds

Compounds

• 閻王(えんおう) (en'ō)
• 閻浮(えんぶ) (enbu)
• 閻浮提(えんぶだい) (enbudai)
• 閻魔(えんま) (enma)
• 閻魔顔(えんまがお) (enmagao)
• 閻魔王(えんまおう) (enmaō)
• 閻魔蟋蟀(えんまこおろぎ) (enmakōrogi)
• 閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (enmadaiō)
• 閻魔帳(えんまちょう) (enmachō)
• 閻魔羅闍(えんまらじゃ) (enmaraja)
• 閻羅(えんら) (enra)
• 済(な)す時(とき)の閻魔顔(えんまがお) (nasutokinoenmagao)
• 南閻浮提(なんえんぶだい) (nan'enbudai)

References

• 広辞苑　第六版 (Kōjien, 6th ed.)
• 漢字源 (Kanjigen)
• 学研漢和大字典 (Gakken Kanwa Daijiten)

Korean

Hanja

閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

閻: Hán Nôm readings: diêm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation