通過
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See also: 通过
Chinese
[edit]go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open |
to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker) to cross; to go over; (experienced action marker); to pass; to celebrate; to live; to get along; excessively; too- | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (通過) | 通 | 過 | |
simp. (通过) | 通 | 过 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tong1 go4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): tung1 gwo3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-ko
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˋ → ㄊㄨㄥ ˙ㄍㄨㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: tongguo̊
- Wade–Giles: tʻung1-kuo5
- Yale: tūng-gwo
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tong.guoh
- Palladius: тунго (tungo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ⁵¹/ → /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ g̊u̯ɔ²/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tong1 go4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tunggo
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ⁵⁵ ko²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: tung1 gwo3
- Yale: tūng gwo
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung1 gwo3
- Guangdong Romanization: tung1 guo3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-ko
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˊ go
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung1 go4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ ko⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kè
- Tâi-lô: thong-kè
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongkex
- IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² ke²¹/
- IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ ke¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kèr
- Tâi-lô: thong-kèr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ kə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-kòe
- Tâi-lô: thong-kuè
- Phofsit Daibuun: tongkoex
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kue²¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kue²¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: tong1 guê3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong kuè
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ kue²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
Preposition
[edit]通過
- via; by; by means of; through
Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]通過
- to pass (a measure, bill, proposal, etc.)
- to pass by; to pass through
- to pass (a test)
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 過 |
つう Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (passage through): 通行 (tsūkō), 通る (tōru)
- (passage of a test): 合格 (gōkaku), 通る (tōru)
- (passage of a bill): 可決 (kaketsu), 通る (tōru)
- (passage through a screening): 通る (tōru)
Verb
[edit]通過する • (tsūka suru) intransitive suru (stem 通過し (tsūka shi), past 通過した (tsūka shita))
- pass through something
- pass a test
- pass a bill
- pass a screening
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "通過する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通過し | つうかし | tsūka shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通過し | つうかし | tsūka shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通過する | つうかする | tsūka suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通過する | つうかする | tsūka suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通過すれ | つうかすれ | tsūka sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 通過せよ¹ 通過しろ² |
つうかせよ¹ つうかしろ² |
tsūka seyo¹ tsūka shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 通過される | つうかされる | tsūka sareru | |
Causative | 通過させる 通過さす |
つうかさせる つうかさす |
tsūka saseru tsūka sasu | |
Potential | 通過できる | つうかできる | tsūka dekiru | |
Volitional | 通過しよう | つうかしよう | tsūka shiyō | |
Negative | 通過しない | つうかしない | tsūka shinai | |
Negative continuative | 通過せず | つうかせず | tsūka sezu | |
Formal | 通過します | つうかします | tsūka shimasu | |
Perfective | 通過した | つうかした | tsūka shita | |
Conjunctive | 通過して | つうかして | tsūka shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 通過すれば | つうかすれば | tsūka sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 過 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
通 | 過 |
Noun
[edit]通過
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