辰

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辰 U 8FB0, 辰
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FB0
← 辯
[U 8FAF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 辱 →
[U 8FB1]
⾠ U 2FA0, ⾠
KANGXI RADICAL MORNING
← ⾟
[U 2F9F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾡ →
[U 2FA1]
辰 U F971, 辰
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F971
← 殺
[U F970] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 沈 →
[U F972]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 161 辰

辰 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰 0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一一一女 (MMMV), four-corner 71232, composition ⿸厂⿱二⿰𠄌⿺乀丿(GJK) or ⿸厂⿸⿱二𠄌⿺乀丿(HTV))

  1. Kangxi radical #161, ⾠.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38682
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3606, character 1
  • Unihan data for U 8FB0

Chinese

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trad. 辰
simp. # 辰
alternative forms 𫝕
𨑃 ancient
𨑄 ancient
𠨷 ancient
𠩟 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 辰
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
辴 *tʰɯl, *tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒 *tɯnʔ, *djɯn
振 *tjɯn, *tjɯns
侲 *tjɯn, *tjɯn
桭 *tjɯn, *djɯn
唇 *tjɯn, *ɦljun
帪 *tjɯn
賑 *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns
裖 *tjɯnʔ
敐 *tjɯnʔ, *djɯn
震 *tjɯn
娠 *tjɯns, *hljɯn
蜃 *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins
辰 *djɯn
晨 *djɯn, *ɦljɯn
宸 *djɯn
鷐 *djɯn
麎 *djɯn
祳 *djɯnʔ
脤 *djɯnʔ
鋠 *djɯnʔ
磭 *ŋrɯnʔ, *ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙 *djun
脣 *ɦljun
漘 *ɦljun

Pictogram (象形) – a kind of agricultural tool used for tilling the fields and removing weeds (Guo, 1931; Qiu, 1992), possibly made of a kind of large clam 蜃 (OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) (Guo, 1931).

Alternatively, it could be a pictogram (象形) of a person holding onto a cliff – original character of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to hold up”) (Shang, 1983).

Etymology

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“to vibrate”
Related to 震 (OC *tjɯn, “to shake”) and 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to excite”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to tremble; to shiver”) (Schuessler, 2007).
“fifth earthly branch”
Norman (1985) suggests that it is from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *tlan (“python”), whence Vietnamese trăn, Khmer ថ្លាន់ (thlan), Mon ကၠန် (klɔn). However, Ferlus (2013) points to reconstructions like *dər (Baxter & Sagart) and *ᴸdzɨr (Ferlus) and remarks that those do not match any animal's name in Mainland Southeast Asian (MSEA) languages. Therefore, 辰 might have been associated arbitrarily with the dragon (龍).
Smith (2011) agrees with the proposal (e.g. by Guo, 1931) that 辰 (OC dən) initially depicted an agricultural implement made from clams' shells and was the original form of 蜃 (OC dəns, “mollusc, clam”); so he proposes that the fifth earthly branch depicted the moon's second waning-gibbous phase, which looks like a clam. He also suggests that 辰 (chén) also represented the ovoid-shaped rising sun and is thus related to 晨 (chén, “early morning”).
“time”
From 時 (OC *djɯ, “time”) nominalizing suffix -n, literally “that which is proceeding” (Schuessler, 2007). This word partially converges with 晨 (OC *djɯn, *ɦljɯn, “morning”) (ibid.).
“heavenly body”
The endopassive of 振 (OC *tjɯn, *tjɯns, “to shake; to stir”), literally “to stir oneself”, i.e. “when life begins to stir” > “heavenly bodies that mark time” (ibid.).

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 辰
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴⁵/
/t͡sʰən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /tʃʰə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /sən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 辰
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 植鄰切
Baxter dzyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʑi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 辰
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[d]ər/
English 5th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 辰
Reading # 1/1
No. 1372
Phonetic
component 		辰
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		辰
Old
Chinese 		/*djɯn/

Definitions

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辰

  1. † to vibrate
  2. fifth of twelve earthly branches (地支), variously equated with
    1. (Chinese zodiac) dragon (龍)
    2. (navigation) a bearing of 120° (between ESE and SE)
    3. (Chinese calendar) the 3rd lunar month (三月)
    4. (Chinese calendar) the 5th day or year in a dozen
    5. (Chinese timekeeping) the 2-hour period between 7 and 9 am
  3. time; day; season
  4. heavenly body; stars
  5. † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 心宿 (Xīnxiù, “Heart Mansion (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)”).
  6. † (Chinese astronomy) Alternative name for 北極星／北极星 (Běijíxīng, “North Star”).
  7. † Alternative form of 晨 (chén, “early morning”)
  8. a surname

Coordinate terms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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辰

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. the dragon as the fifth sign in the Chinese zodiac

Readings

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  • Go-on: じん (jin)
  • Kan-on: しん (shin)
  • Kun: たつ (tatsu, 辰)、とき (toki, 辰)
  • Nanori: のぶ (nobu)、のぶる (noburu)

Compounds

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Compounds
}

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
辰
たつ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From the verb たつ (tatsu, “to get up, to take off”) (whence also 竜 (tatsu, “dragon”)), from the notion of a dragon flying.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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辰(たつ) • (Tatsu) 

  1. the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Noun

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辰(たつ) • (tatsu) 

  1. by extension from the zodiac:
    1. the name of the year or day corresponding to the fifth in a cycle of twelve
    2. roughly east-southeast, specifically 30° south of due east (i.e. a bearing of 120°)
    3. the hour of the dragon, specifically 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM; sometimes treated as 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM instead
    4. alternate name for 三月 (sangatsu, “the month of March”)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
辰
しん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 辰 (dzyin).

Proper noun

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辰(しん) • (Shin) 

  1. the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches
    Hypernyms: 十二支, 地支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC dzyin).

Historical Readings
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 별〯 신 Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 미르〮 진 Recorded as Middle Korean 진 (cin) (Yale: cìn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 별자리 신 Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 별 신 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

辰 (eumhun 별 진 (byeol jin))
辰 (eumhun 다섯째 지지 진 (daseotjjae jiji jin))

  1. hanja form? of 진 (“name of a star”)
  2. hanja form? of 진 (“the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 辰 (MC dzyin).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 씬 (Yale: ssìn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 ᄯᅢ 신 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 신 (Yale: sin) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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辰 (eumhun 때 신 (ttae sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“time”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Usage notes

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The semantics of the readings of this Hanja are irregular with the exception of when "진 (辰, jin)" is used to mean "the Dragon, the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches" or certain historical placenames. The reading may not semantically match its corresponding 음훈 (音訓, eumhun, “reading of the sound and meaning”).

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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辰: Hán Nôm readings: thìn, thần, thì

  1. chữ Hán form of Thìn (“fifth of the twelve earthly branches”).
    Hypernyms: 地支, 十二支
    Coordinate terms: 子, 丑, 寅, 卯, 辰, 巳, 午, 未, 申, 酉, 戌, 亥

Compounds

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