謹慎
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Chinese
[edit]cautious | cautious | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (謹慎) | 謹 | 慎 | |
simp. (谨慎) | 谨 | 慎 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gan2 san6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐnshèn
- Wade–Giles: chin3-shên4
- Yale: jǐn-shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinshenn
- Palladius: цзиньшэнь (czinʹšɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gan2 san6
- Yale: gán sahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: gan2 san6
- Guangdong Romanization: gen2 sen6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐn³⁵ sɐn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: kj nX dzyinH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kə[r]ʔ [d]i[n]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯnʔ djins/
Adjective
[edit]謹慎
- cautious; careful; prudent; circumspect; wary
- 父戒之曰:「謹慎從爾舅之言。」母戒之曰:「謹慎從爾姑之言。」諸母般申之曰:「謹慎從爾父母之言。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Fù jiè zhī yuē: “Jǐnshèn cóng ěr jiù zhī yán.” Mǔ jiè zhī yuē: “Jǐnshèn cóng ěr gū zhī yán.” Zhūmǔ bān shēn zhī yuē: “Jǐnshèn cóng ěr fùmǔ zhī yán.” [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
父戒之曰:「谨慎从尔舅之言。」母戒之曰:「谨慎从尔姑之言。」诸母般申之曰:「谨慎从尔父母之言。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- 不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
- 仔細/仔细 (zǐxì)
- 嚴/严 (yán)
- 嚴肅/严肃 (yánsù)
- 嚴謹/严谨 (yánjǐn)
- 墘角 (gièng-gáe̤k) (Eastern Min)
- 密切 (mìqiè)
- 審慎/审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
- 小心 (xiǎoxīn)
- 慎密 (shènmì)
- 慎重 (shènzhòng)
- 慘淡/惨淡 (cǎndàn)
- 板正 (bǎnzhèng)
- 正經/正经
- 當心/当心 (dāngxīn)
- 精心 (jīngxīn)
- 精細/精细 (jīngxì)
- 細心/细心 (xìxīn)
- 細膩/细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
- 認真/认真 (rènzhēn)
- 謹嚴/谨严 (jǐnyán)
- 較真/较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
- 過細/过细 (guòxì)
- 鞠躬 (jūgōng) (literary)
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
謹 | 慎 |
きん Grade: S |
しん Grade: S |
kan'on |
Alternative spelling |
---|
謹愼 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- self restraint
- moderating one's behaviour
- penitence
- discipline
Derived terms
[edit]- 不謹慎 (fukinshin)
Adjective
[edit]謹慎 • (kinshin) -na (adnominal 謹慎な (kinshin na), adverbial 謹慎に (kinshin ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 謹慎
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 謹慎だろ | きんしんだろ | kinshin daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 謹慎で | きんしんで | kinshin de |
Terminal (終止形) | 謹慎だ | きんしんだ | kinshin da |
Attributive (連体形) | 謹慎な | きんしんな | kinshin na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 謹慎なら | きんしんなら | kinshin nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 謹慎であれ | きんしんであれ | kinshin de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 謹慎ではない 謹慎じゃない |
きんしんではない きんしんじゃない |
kinshin de wa nai kinshin ja nai |
Informal past | 謹慎だった | きんしんだった | kinshin datta |
Informal negative past | 謹慎ではなかった 謹慎じゃなかった |
きんしんではなかった きんしんじゃなかった |
kinshin de wa nakatta kinshin ja nakatta |
Formal | 謹慎です | きんしんです | kinshin desu |
Formal negative | 謹慎ではありません 謹慎じゃありません |
きんしんではありません きんしんじゃありません |
kinshin de wa arimasen kinshin ja arimasen |
Formal past | 謹慎でした | きんしんでした | kinshin deshita |
Formal negative past | 謹慎ではありませんでした 謹慎じゃありませんでした |
きんしんではありませんでした きんしんじゃありませんでした |
kinshin de wa arimasen deshita kinshin ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 謹慎で | きんしんで | kinshin de |
Conditional | 謹慎なら(ば) | きんしんなら(ば) | kinshin nara (ba) |
Provisional | 謹慎だったら | きんしんだったら | kinshin dattara |
Volitional | 謹慎だろう | きんしんだろう | kinshin darō |
Adverbial | 謹慎に | きんしんに | kinshin ni |
Degree | 謹慎さ | きんしんさ | kinshinsa |
Verb
[edit]謹慎する • (kinshin suru) intransitive suru (stem 謹慎し (kinshin shi), past 謹慎した (kinshin shita))
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "謹慎する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 謹慎し | きんしんし | kinshin shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 謹慎し | きんしんし | kinshin shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 謹慎する | きんしんする | kinshin suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 謹慎する | きんしんする | kinshin suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 謹慎すれ | きんしんすれ | kinshin sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 謹慎せよ¹ 謹慎しろ² |
きんしんせよ¹ きんしんしろ² |
kinshin seyo¹ kinshin shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 謹慎される | きんしんされる | kinshin sareru | |
Causative | 謹慎させる 謹慎さす |
きんしんさせる きんしんさす |
kinshin saseru kinshin sasu | |
Potential | 謹慎できる | きんしんできる | kinshin dekiru | |
Volitional | 謹慎しよう | きんしんしよう | kinshin shiyō | |
Negative | 謹慎しない | きんしんしない | kinshin shinai | |
Negative continuative | 謹慎せず | きんしんせず | kinshin sezu | |
Formal | 謹慎します | きんしんします | kinshin shimasu | |
Perfective | 謹慎した | きんしんした | kinshin shita | |
Conjunctive | 謹慎して | きんしんして | kinshin shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 謹慎すれば | きんしんすれば | kinshin sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
謹 | 慎 |
Adjective
[edit]謹慎
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