訟

See also: 讼

訟 U 8A1F, 訟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A1F ← 訞 [U 8A1E] CJK Unified Ideographs 訠 → [U 8A20]

Translingual

Han character

訟 (Kangxi radical 149, 言 4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金戈 (YRCI), four-corner 0863₂, composition ⿰訁公)

Derived characters

• 𦄸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1149, character 18
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35266
• Dae Jaweon: page 1616, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3949, character 3
• Unihan data for U 8A1F

Chinese

trad.		訟
simp.		讼
alternative forms		吅 ancient

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (公) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
慃	*qroːŋʔ
袞	*kluːnʔ
蔉	*kluːnʔ
滾	*kluːnʔ
忩	*sʰloːŋ
鬆	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ
凇	*sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
公	*kloːŋ
蚣	*kloːŋ, *kljoŋ
翁	*qloːŋ
螉	*qloːŋ
蓊	*qloːŋ, *qloːŋʔ
嗡	*qloːŋ
滃	*qloːŋʔ
暡	*qloːŋʔ
勜	*qloːŋʔ
塕	*qloːŋʔ
瓮	*qloːŋs
崧	*sqʰluŋ
菘	*sqʰluŋ
硹	*sqʰluŋ
淞	*sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ
蜙	*sqʰloŋ
倯	*sqʰloŋ
松	*sɢloŋ
訟	*sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs
頌	*sɢloŋs, *loŋ
忪	*kljoŋ
彸	*kljoŋ
衳	*kljoŋ
伀	*kljoŋ
妐	*kljoŋ
炂	*kljoŋ
鈆	*kljoŋ, *lon

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢloŋ, *sɢloŋs) : semantic 言 (“say”) phonetic 公 (OC *kloːŋ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sòng (song⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siung
• Eastern Min (BUC): sê̤ṳng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): siōng / siòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): song⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶zon

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sòng
    • Wade–Giles: sung⁴
    • Yale: sùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zung⁶
    • Yale: juhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siung
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯uŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sê̤ṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /søyŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siōng
    • Tâi-lô: siōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siong
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɔŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siòng
    • Tâi-lô: siòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sioxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• siōng - literary;
• siòng - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: song⁶
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sŏng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶zon
    • MiniDict: zon^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³zon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoŋ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: zjowng, zjowngH

Rime
Character	訟	訟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	祥容切	似用切
Baxter	zjowng	zjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨoŋ/	/zɨoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/zioŋ/	/zioŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/zioŋ/	/zioŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zuawŋ/	/zuawŋH/
Li Rong	/zioŋ/	/zioŋH/
Wang Li	/zĭwoŋ/	/zĭwoŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/zi̯woŋ/	/zi̯woŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sóng	sòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cung4	zung6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.[ɢ]oŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sɢloŋ/, /*sɢloŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sòng
Middle Chinese	‹ zjowngH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.[ɢ]oŋ-s/
English	litigate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訟	訟
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4116	4119
Phonetic component	公	公
Rime group	東	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	松	頌
Old Chinese	/*sɢloŋ/	/*sɢloŋs/

Definitions

訟

1. to accuse

   • 子曰：「已矣乎！吾未見能見其過而內自訟者也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「已矣乎！吾未见能见其过而内自讼者也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Zǐyuē: “Yǐ yǐ hū! Wú wèijiàn néng jiàn qí guò ér nèi zìsòng zhě yě.” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "It is all over. I have not yet seen one who could perceive their faults, and inwardly accuse themselves."

2. to argue; to dispute

   • 分爭辨訟，非禮不決。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     分争辨讼，非礼不决。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Fēnzhēng biànsòng, fēilǐ bùjué. [Pinyin]

     The clearing up of quarrels and discriminating in disputes cannot be decisive without the rules of propriety.

3. to litigate

   • 子曰：「聽訟，吾猶人也，必也使無訟乎！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     子曰：「听讼，吾犹人也，必也使无讼乎！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Zǐyuē: “Tīngsòng, wú yóu rén yě, bì yě shǐ wúsòng hū!” [Pinyin]

     The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is necessary is to cause the people to have no litigations."

4. sixth hexagram of the I Ching
5. Alternative form of 頌／颂 (“to laud; to praise; to extol”)

Compounds

• 健訟／健讼
• 共同訴訟／共同诉讼
• 刁健訟棍／刁健讼棍
• 刁訟／刁讼
• 刑事訴訟／刑事诉讼
• 包攬詞訟／包揽词讼 (bāolǎn císòng)
• 嚚訟／嚚讼
• 息訟／息讼
• 成訟／成讼 (chéngsòng)
• 構訟不息／构讼不息
• 歌訟／歌讼 (gēsòng)
• 民事訴訟／民事诉讼
• 涉訟／涉讼
• 滯訟／滞讼
• 爭訟／争讼 (zhēngsòng)
• 獄訟／狱讼
• 纏訟／缠讼
• 聚訟／聚讼 (jùsòng)
• 聚訟紛紜／聚讼纷纭
• 聽訟／听讼 (tīngsòng)
• 自訟／自讼
• 興訟／兴讼
• 虞芮之訟／虞芮之讼
• 行政訴訟／行政诉讼
• 解訟息爭／解讼息争
• 計過自訟／计过自讼
• 訟事／讼事 (sòngshì)
• 訟師／讼师
• 訟庭／讼庭
• 訟案／讼案 (sòng'àn)
• 訟棍／讼棍 (sònggùn)
• 訟牒／讼牒
• 訟言／讼言
• 詞清訟簡／词清讼简
• 詞訟／词讼 (císòng)
• 訴訟／诉讼 (sùsòng)
• 訴訟擔保／诉讼担保
• 訴訟法／诉讼法
• 訴訟費／诉讼费 (sùsòngfèi)
• 諍訟／诤讼
• 調詞架訟／调词架讼
• 辭訟／辞讼
• 選舉訴訟／选举诉讼
• 酗訟／酗讼
• 集體訴訟／集体诉讼 (jítǐ sùsòng)
• 非訟事件／非讼事件 (fēisòng shìjiàn)

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	訟
Kyūjitai	訟

Kanji

訟

(Jōyō kanji)

1. sue
2. accuse

Readings

• Go-on: じゅ (ju)、ず (zu)
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
• Kun: あらそう (arasou, 訟う)、うったえる (uttaeru, 訟える)

Korean

Hanja

訟 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

訟: Hán Nôm readings: tụng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.