親戚

See also: 亲戚

Chinese

	paternal relatives	maternal relatives
trad. (親戚)	親	戚
simp. (亲戚)	亲	戚
alternative forms	親慼／亲戚

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīnqī, qīnqin

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧ, ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧㄣ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): can¹ cik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tin¹ tet²
Gan (Wiktionary): qin¹ qit
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhîn-chhit

(Hailu, HRS): cin^ˋ cid

(Meixian, Guangdong): qin¹ qid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): qing¹ qieh⁴ / qing¹ qing^1-3
Eastern Min (BUC): chĭng-chék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhin-chhek / chhin-chhiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): cing¹ cêg⁴
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qin¹ qi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqī → qīnqi (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣㄑㄧ → ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧ (toneless final syllable variant)
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinci̊
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-chʻi⁵
  - Yale: chīn-chi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin.chi
  - Palladius: циньци (cinʹci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵/ → /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi²/
- (Beijing dialect)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīnqin
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ ˙ㄑㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cinci̊n
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹-chʻin⁵
  - Yale: chīn-chin
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin.chin
  - Palladius: циньцинь (cinʹcinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin²/

Note: qīnqin - assimilation in the rhyme of 戚.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: can¹ cik¹
  - Yale: chān chīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsan¹ tsik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: cen¹ qig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tin¹ tet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰin³³ tʰet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qin¹ qit
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁴² t͡ɕʰit̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhîn-chhit
  - Hakka Romanization System: qin^ˊ qid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qin¹ qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin²⁴ t͡sʰit̚²/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: cin^ˋ cid
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁵³ t͡sʰit⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qin¹ qid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sʰit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)
  - Wiktionary: qing¹ qieh⁴ / qing¹ qing^1-3
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/, /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹⁻⁴⁵/

Note: qing1 qing1-3 - assimilation in the rhyme of 戚.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭng-chék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhek
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-tshik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chinzheg
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰin⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhin-chhiak
  - Tâi-lô: tshin-tshiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chinchiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰin³³ t͡sʰiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cing¹ cêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshing tshek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰek̚²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: qin¹ qi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³³ t͡ɕʰi²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tshin|tshinH tshek

Rime
Character	親	親	戚
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	清 (14)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	IV
Fanqie	七人切	七遴切	倉歷切
Baxter	tshin	tshinH	tshek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪn/	/t͡sʰiɪn^H/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰin/	/t͡sʰin^H/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjen/	/t͡sʰjen^H/	/t͡sʰɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰin/	/t͡sʰin^H/	/t͡sʰɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiĕn/	/t͡sʰiĕn^H/	/t͡sʰek̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕn/	/t͡sʰĭĕn^H/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯ĕn/	/t͡sʰi̯ĕn^H/	/t͡sʰiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn	qìn	qi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	can¹	can³	cik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]i[n] s.tʰˤiwk/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰin|sʰins sʰlɯːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	親	戚	戚	戚	戚
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qīn	qī	qī	qī	qī
Middle Chinese	‹ tshin ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›	‹ tshek ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]i[n]/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/	/*s.tʰˁiwk/
English	close; parents	(in "toad")	relatives	kind of battle axe	worried; sad; depressed
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	親	親	戚
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	13804	13806	11729
Phonetic component	辛	辛	尗
Rime group	眞	眞	覺
Rime subdivision	2	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	親	親	戚
Old Chinese	/*sʰin/	/*sʰins/	/*sʰlɯːwɢ/
Notes	說文親（同榛）聲

Noun

親戚

relative; family relation
我們邀請了所有的親戚來參加婚禮。 [MSC, trad.]
我们邀请了所有的亲戚来参加婚礼。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒmen yāoqǐng le suǒyǒu de qīnqī lái cānjiā hūnlǐ. [Pinyin]
We invited all our relatives to the wedding.
(Classical) immediate family (one's mother, father and siblings)

Synonyms

(relative):

edit

六親／六亲 (liùqīn)
室 (shì) (literary, or in compounds)
家人 (jiārén)
家室 (jiāshì)
家屬／家属 (jiāshǔ)
家庭成員／家庭成员 (jiātíng chéngyuán)
家裡人／家里人 (jiālǐrén)
屋下人 (Hakka)
屋企人 (uk¹ kei² jan⁴) (Cantonese)
親人／亲人 (qīnrén)
親屬／亲属 (qīnshǔ)

Dialectal synonyms of 親戚 (“relative”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		親戚, 親親, 親眷
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		親戚, 親屬, 親眷
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	親戚, 親親
	Taiwan	親戚
	Langfang	親戚
	Chifeng	親戚, 親親
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	親戚
	Harbin	親戚, 親親
	Shenyang	親戚, 親親
	Singapore	親戚
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	親親, 戚
	Tangshan	親戚, 親親
	Cangzhou	親戚
	Baoding	親戚, 親親
	Shijiazhuang	親戚
	Jinan	親親, 親戚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	親戚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	親戚
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	親戚
	Daming	親戚
	Wanrong	親親
	Zhengzhou	親戚
	Xi'an	親親, 親戚
	Xining	親戚
	Xuzhou	親親, 親戚
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	親親, 親戚
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	親親
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	親親
	Lanzhou	親戚, 親親
	Ürümqi	親戚
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	親戚
	Wuhan	親戚
	Guiyang	親戚
	Kunming	親戚
	Guilin	親戚
	Liuzhou	親戚
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	親戚
	Yangzhou	親眷, 親戚
	Nantong	親眷, 親故六眷, 親兒眷兒
	Hefei	親眷, 親戚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	親戚
	Hong Kong	親戚
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	親戚
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	親戚
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	親戚
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	親戚
	Macau	親戚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	親戚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	親戚
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	親戚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	親戚
	Foshan	親戚
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	親戚
	Foshan (Shunde)	親戚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	親戚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	親戚
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	親戚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	親戚
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	親戚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	親戚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	親戚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	親戚
	Taishan	親戚
	Kaiping (Chikan)	親戚
	Enping (Niujiang)	親戚
	Heshan (Yayao)	親戚
	Dongguan	親戚
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	親戚
	Qingyuan	親戚
	Fogang	親戚
	Yingde (Hanguang)	親戚
	Yangshan	親戚
	Lianshan (Butian)	親戚
	Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)	親戚
	Shaoguan	親戚
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	親戚
	Renhua	親戚
	Lechang	親戚
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	親戚
	Sihui	親戚
	Guangning	親戚
	Deqing	親戚
	Huaiji	親戚
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	親戚
	Yunfu	親戚
	Xinxing	親戚
	Luoding	親戚
	Yunan (Pingtai)	親戚
	Yangjiang	親戚
	Xinyi	親戚
	Lianjiang	親戚
	Nanning	親戚
	Wuzhou	親戚
	Yulin	親戚
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	親戚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	親戚
	Singapore (Guangfu)	親戚
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	親戚
Gan	Nanchang	親戚
	Lichuan	親戚
	Pingxiang	親戚
Hakka	Meixian	親戚
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	親戚
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	親戚
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	親戚
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	親戚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	親戚
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	親戚
	Liannan	親戚
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	親戚
	Jiexi	親情
	Changting	親戚
	Ninghua	親戚
	Yudu	親戚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	親戚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	親戚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	親戚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	親戚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	親戚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	親戚
	Hong Kong	親戚
	Luchuan	親戚
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	親戚
	Sabah (Longchuan)	親戚
	Senai (Huiyang)	親戚
	Singkawang	親戚
Huizhou	Jixi	親眷
	Shexian	親眷, 親眷戚
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	親戚
Jin	Taiyuan	親戚, 親親
	Pingyao	親戚
	Xinzhou	親戚
	Linhe	親親
	Jining	親戚, 親親
	Hohhot	親親
	Zhangjiakou	親戚, 親親
	Handan	親戚, 親親
Northern Min	Jian'ou	親情
	Songxi	親情
	Zhenghe	親戚
	Jianyang	親戚
	Wuyishan	親戚
	Pucheng (Shibei)	親眷
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	親戚
Eastern Min	Fuqing	親戚
Southern Min	Xiamen	親情
	Quanzhou	親情
	Jinjiang	親情
	Zhangzhou	親情
	Zhao'an	親情
	Dongshan	親情
	Tainan	親情
	Penang (Hokkien)	親情
	Singapore (Hokkien)	親情
	Manila (Hokkien)	親情
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	親戚, 親情
	Datian	親情
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	親戚
	Chaozhou	親情
	Shantou	親情
	Shantou (Chenghai)	親情
	Jieyang	親情
	Bangkok (Teochew)	親情
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	親情
	Singapore (Teochew)	親情
	Leizhou	親情
	Wenchang	親情
	Haikou	親情, 親情母儂
Puxian Min	Putian	親情, 親戚
Puxian Min	Xianyou	親情
Central Min	Yong'an	親戚
	Sanming (Sanyuan)	親戚
	Sanming (Shaxian)	親戚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	親戚
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	親戚
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	親戚
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	親戚
Wu	Shanghai	親眷
	Shanghai (Chongming)	親眷
	Suzhou	親眷
	Danyang	親眷
	Hangzhou	親眷
	Ningbo	親眷
	Wenzhou	親眷
	Jinhua	親戚
Xiang	Changsha	親戚
	Loudi	親戚, 親戚第裡
	Shuangfeng	親戚
	Quanzhou	親戚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (親戚):

→ Japanese: 親戚(しんせき) (shinseki)
→ Korean: 친척(親戚) (chincheok)
→ Vietnamese: thân thích (親戚)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
親	戚
しん Grade: 2	せき Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

親(しん)戚(せき) • (shinseki)

relative
いやな親戚(しんせき)が来(く)る。
Iya na shinseki ga kuru.
Noisome relatives are coming.

Korean

Hanja in this term
親	戚

Noun

親戚 • (chincheok) (hangeul 친척)

hanja form^? of 친척 (“kinsmen”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
親	戚

Noun

親戚

chữ Hán form of thân thích (“relatives”).