葡萄牙

Chinese

		grape; to be jealous; to envy	tooth; ivory
trad. (葡萄牙)		葡萄	牙
simp. #(葡萄牙)		葡萄	牙

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Portuguese Portugal, possibly via Hokkien 葡萄牙 (Phû-tô-gâ). Attested in 海國聞見錄 [1730] by Chen Lunjiong (陳倫烱).

The selection of 葡萄 (“grape”) in the phonetic transcription alludes to the importance of viniculture to the early Portuguese missionaries to China, who used grapes to make sacramental wine (葡萄酒).

Compare 西班牙 (Xībānyá, “Spain”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Pútáoyá

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pu³ hau³ nga³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Phù-thò-ngà

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pu² tau² nga²

• Eastern Min (BUC): Buò-dò̤-ngà
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Phû-tô-gâ / Phô-tô-gâ / Phû-tô-gê / Phô-tô-gêe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pu⁵ to⁵ ghê⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶bu-dau-nga

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Pútáoyá
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˊ ㄊㄠˊ ㄧㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Pútáoyá
    • Wade–Giles: Pʻu²-tʻao²-ya²
    • Yale: Pú-táu-yá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Pwutaurya
    • Palladius: Путаоя (Putaoja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu³⁵ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵ jä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴
    • Yale: pòuh tòuh ngàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pou⁴ tou⁴ ngaa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pou⁴ tou⁴ nga⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰou̯²¹ tʰou̯²¹ ŋaː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pu³ hau³ nga³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu²² hau²² ᵑɡa²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Phù-thò-ngà
    • Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˇ to^ˇ nga^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pu² to² nga²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰo¹¹ ŋa¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pu² tau² nga²
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰu¹¹ tʰau¹¹ ŋa¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Buò-dò̤-ngà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /puo⁵³⁻³³ ^(t-)lo⁵³⁻³³ ŋa⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gâ
    • Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gaa
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ɡa²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡa²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pʰu²⁴⁻²² to²⁴⁻²² ɡa²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gâ
    • Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gâ
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoi'doi'gaa
    • IPA (Tainan): /pʰɤ²⁴⁻³³ tɤ²⁴⁻³³ ɡa²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phû-tô-gê
    • Tâi-lô: Phû-tô-gê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phu'doi'gee
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰu²⁴⁻¹¹ to²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡe²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰu²³⁻³³ tɤ²³⁻³³ ɡe²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Phô-tô-gêe
    • Tâi-lô: Phô-tô-gêe
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo¹³⁻²² to¹³⁻²² ɡɛ¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pu⁵ to⁵ ghê⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phû thô gê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ɡe⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶bu-dau-nga
    • MiniDict: bu^去 dau nga
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³bu-dau-nga
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bu²² dɔ⁵⁵ ŋa²¹/

Proper noun

葡萄牙

1. Portugal (a country in Europe)
   • 1730, 陳倫烱, 海國聞見錄, volume 上卷, page 33:

     葡萄牙者，澳門之祖家也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     葡萄牙者，澳门之祖家也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Pútáoyá zhě, Àomén zhī zǔjiā yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 1848, 徐繼畬 [Xu Jiyu], editor, 瀛寰志略, volume 3, page 11:

     前明中葉，葡萄牙據錫蘭海口，立埔頭，尋為荷蘭所奪。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     前明中叶，葡萄牙据锡兰海口，立埔头，寻为荷兰所夺。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     Qiánmíng zhōngyè, Pútáoyá jù Xīlán hǎikǒu, lì bùtóu, xún wéi Hélán suǒ duó. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

• (short form) 葡國／葡国 (Púguó)
• (historical) 佛朗機／佛朗机 (Fólǎngjī), 大西洋國／大西洋国 (Dàxīyáng Guó), 西洋國／西洋国, 蒲都麗家／蒲都丽家, 蒲麗都家／蒲丽都家, 波爾杜瓦爾／波尔杜瓦尔, 博都雅 (Bódūyǎ), 葡萄亞／葡萄亚

Derived terms

• 葡萄牙人 (pútáoyárén)
• 葡萄牙共和國／葡萄牙共和国 (Pútáoyá Gònghéguó)
• 葡萄牙戰艦／葡萄牙战舰 (Pútáoyá zhànjiàn)
• 葡萄牙桂櫻／葡萄牙桂樱 (Pútáoyá guìyīng)
• 葡萄牙語／葡萄牙语 (pútáoyáyǔ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (葡萄牙):

• → Korean: 포도아(葡萄牙) (Podoa)
• → Vietnamese: Bồ Đào Nha (葡萄牙)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
葡	萄	牙
ぽる Jinmeiyō	と Jinmeiyō	がる Grade: S
irregular

Etymology

The kanji are ateji (当て字), from Chinese 葡萄牙 (Pútáoyá)

Proper noun

葡萄牙(ポルトガル) • (Porutogaru) 

1. Obsolete spelling of ポルトガル (“Portugal”).

Korean

Hanja in this term
葡	萄	牙

Proper noun

葡萄牙 • (Podoa) (hangeul 포도아)

1. hanja form^? of 포도아 (“Portugal (obsolete)”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
葡	萄	牙

Proper noun

葡萄牙

1. chữ Hán form of Bồ Đào Nha (“Portugal”).