聞こえる
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
聞 |
き Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]⟨ki1ka yu⟩ → ⟨ki1ko2yu⟩ → */kʲikəju/ → /kikoju/ → /kikojeru/ → /kikoeru/
From Old Japanese verb 聞こゆ (kikoyu), itself derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (kiku, “to hear, listen”) kika ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).[1][2]
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "聞こえる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
聞こえる | きこえる | [kìkóérú] |
Imperative (命令形) | 聞こえろ | きこえろ | [kìkóéró] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 聞こえられる | きこえられる | [kìkóérárérú] |
Causative | 聞こえさせる | きこえさせる | [kìkóésásérú] |
Potential | - | - | - |
Volitional | 聞こえよう | きこえよー | [kìkóéyóꜜò] |
Negative | 聞こえない | きこえない | [kìkóénáí] |
Negative perfective | 聞こえなかった | きこえなかった | [kìkóénáꜜkàttà] |
Formal | 聞こえます | きこえます | [kìkóémáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 聞こえた | きこえた | [kìkóétá] |
Conjunctive | 聞こえて | きこえて | [kìkóété] |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞こえれば | きこえれば | [kìkóéréꜜbà] |
Verb
[edit]聞こえる • (kikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 聞こえ (kikoe), past 聞こえた (kikoeta))
Japanese verb pair | |
---|---|
active | 聞く |
mediopassive | 聞こえる |
- to be heard
- to be audible
- 彼の携帯電話が、映画館の観客全員が聞こえるぐらいに鳴り響いた。
- Kare no keitai denwa ga, eigakan no kankyaku zen'in ga kikoeru gurai ni narihibiita.
- His cellphone rang loud enough for everyone in the movie theater to hear it.
- 海が聞こえる。
- Umi ga kikoeru.
- I can hear the ocean.
- 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第百二十八訓 運に身分は関係ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀魂 [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
- ヤベーよ なんで4番引いてんだよ あのバカ殿 ヤベーよ 怒ってるよアレ絶対勘弁してくれよ 悪気はなかったんだよ しかも よりによってもっさりブリーフの日にあたっちまったよ 恥の上塗りだよ
- Yabē yo Nan de yonban hiiten da yo ano bakatono Yabē yo Okotteru yo are Zettai kanben shite kure yo Warugi wa nakattan da yo Shikamo yoriniyotte mossari burīfu no hi ni atatchimatta yo Haji no uwanuri da yo
- We’re screwed! Why did the stupid lord have to draw number 4!? We’re screwed! He’s really mad! Please leave me outta this! And he’s wearing such lame briefs today of all days! Which makes him even more pathetic!
- Shōgunke wa daidai mossari burīfu-ha da
- For generations of the shogun clan, we’ve always been fans of lame briefs
- Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Shikamo mainichi mossari raifu da yo
- We’re screwed! He heard me! And he’s been lame all his life!
- ヤベーよ なんで4番引いてんだよ あのバカ殿 ヤベーよ 怒ってるよアレ絶対勘弁してくれよ 悪気はなかったんだよ しかも よりによってもっさりブリーフの日にあたっちまったよ 恥の上塗りだよ
- 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第百二十八訓 運に身分は関係ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀魂 [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
- ヤベーよ 二週連続モザイクトーン使用だよ ネタ切れだと思われるよ しかも 将軍あっちの方は将軍じゃねーよ 足軽だよ
- Yabē yo Nishū renzoku mozaiku tōn shiyō dayo Netagire da to omowareru yo Shikamo shōgun atchi no hō wa shōgun ja nē yo Ashigaru da yo
- We’re screwed! We’ve been using pixelated imagery two weeks in a row now! People will think we’re running out of ideas! And his bit down there is barely a shogun! More like a foot soldier!
- Shōgunke wa daidai atchi no hō wa ashigaru da
- For generations of the shōgun clan, our bits down there have always been foot soldiers
- Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Mō kakujitsu ni uchikubigokumon da yo
- We’re screwed! He heard me again! Our heads are gonna be put on display!
- ヤベーよ 二週連続モザイクトーン使用だよ ネタ切れだと思われるよ しかも 将軍あっちの方は将軍じゃねーよ 足軽だよ
- 彼の携帯電話が、映画館の観客全員が聞こえるぐらいに鳴り響いた。
- sound, be taken as (give someone a certain impression from hearing)
- to be widely known; to be famous
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "聞こえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 聞こえ | きこえ | kikoe | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 聞こえる | きこえる | kikoeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 聞こえる | きこえる | kikoeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 聞こえれ | きこえれ | kikoere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 聞こえよ¹ 聞こえろ² |
きこえよ¹ きこえろ² |
kikoeyo¹ kikoero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 聞こえられる | きこえられる | kikoerareru | |
Causative | 聞こえさせる 聞こえさす |
きこえさせる きこえさす |
kikoesaseru kikoesasu | |
Potential | 聞こえられる 聞こえれる³ |
きこえられる きこえれる³ |
kikoerareru kikoereru³ | |
Volitional | 聞こえよう | きこえよう | kikoeyō | |
Negative | 聞こえない 聞こえぬ 聞こえん |
きこえない きこえぬ きこえん |
kikoenai kikoenu kikoen | |
Negative continuative | 聞こえず | きこえず | kikoezu | |
Formal | 聞こえます | きこえます | kikoemasu | |
Perfective | 聞こえた | きこえた | kikoeta | |
Conjunctive | 聞こえて | きこえて | kikoete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 聞こえれば | きこえれば | kikoereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 聞 read as き
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese type 2 verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- ja:Hearing