柴
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See also: 茈
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]柴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木 6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1197, character 11
- Unihan data for U 67F4
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 柴 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 柴 | |
alternative forms | 茈 𡍥 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 柴 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
---|---|
些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
柴 | *zreː |
祡 | *zreː |
茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
眦 | *zreːs |
砦 | *zraːds |
寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
貲 | *ʔse |
髭 | *ʔse |
頾 | *ʔse |
訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
紫 | *ʔseʔ |
訿 | *ʔseʔ |
呰 | *ʔseʔ |
嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
雌 | *sʰe |
此 | *sʰeʔ |
佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
庛 | *sʰes |
疵 | *ze |
骴 | *ze, *zes |
胔 | *ze, *zes |
飺 | *ze |
齜 | *ʔsre |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) semantic 木.
Etymology 1
[edit]Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).
On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): caai4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhài
- Jin (Wiktionary): cai1
- Northern Min (KCR): châu
- Eastern Min (BUC): chà
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6za
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄞˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chái
- Wade–Giles: chʻai2
- Yale: chái
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chair
- Palladius: чай (čaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaɪ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhài
- Hakka Romanization System: caiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cai2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)
- Wiktionary: cai1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰai¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: châu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰau³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chà
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰa⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- chhâ - vernacular;
- chhâi - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 柴 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰai³⁵/ |
Harbin | /t͡sʰai²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʰai²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰai⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /t͡sʰai²⁴/ | |
Xining | /t͡sʰɛ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰɛ⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /t͡sʰai⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /t͡sʰai²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /t͡sʰai³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰæ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰae²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰe̞⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰai¹¹/ 片~ /t͡sʰai⁴⁵/ ~市巷 |
Pingyao | /sæ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /t͡sʰɛ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /za²³/ |
Suzhou | /zɑ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /d͡ze̞²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /za³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /sa⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /sa⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sai¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /d͡zai¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /t͡sʰai²⁴/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰai¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /t͡sʰeu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰai²¹/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰai²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡sʰai³⁵/ /t͡sʰa³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡sʰa⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰau³³/ 訓讀 | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡sʰa⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sai³¹/ /sa³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: dzrea
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.dz]ˤre(j)/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zreː/
Definitions
[edit]柴
- faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
- firewood; brushwood; wood
- (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven
- 既事而退,柴於上帝,祈於社,設奠於牧室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì shì ér tuì, chái yú Shàngdì, qí yú shè, shè diàn yú Mù shì. [Pinyin]
- When he withdrew after the victory, he reared a burning pile to God; prayed at the altar of the earth; and set forth his offerings in the house of Mu.
既事而退,柴于上帝,祈于社,设奠于牧室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal) bony; skinny
- (dialectal, of food) tough; stringy; hard to chew
- (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior
- (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (wood):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 木頭 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 木頭 |
Taiwan | 木頭 | |
Singapore | 木頭 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 木頭 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 木頭 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 木頭 |
Wuhan | 木頭 | |
Guilin | 木頭 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 木頭 |
Hefei | 木頭 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 木 |
Hong Kong | 木 | |
Yangjiang | 木頭 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 木頭 |
Hakka | Meixian | 樹料, 木頭 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 木頭 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 柴 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 柴 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 柴 |
Taipei (Wanhua) | 柴 | |
Kaohsiung | 柴 | |
Yilan | 柴 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 柴 | |
Taichung | 柴 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 柴 | |
Tainan | 柴 | |
Taitung | 柴 | |
Hsinchu | 柴 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 柴 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 柴 | |
Chaozhou | 柴 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 木頭 |
Wenzhou | 木頭, 樹 log | |
Xiang | Changsha | 木頭 |
Shuangfeng | 樹 |
Compounds
[edit]- 乾柴/干柴
- 乾柴烈火/干柴烈火
- 倒了柴
- 劈柴
- 如柴
- 安全火柴 (ānquán huǒchái)
- 引柴 (yǐnchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 拉柴
- 撿柴/捡柴 (jiǎnchái)
- 木柴 (mùchái)
- 杜茅柴
- 柴刀 (cháidāo)
- 柴家廟/柴家庙 (Cháijiāmiào)
- 柴寮
- 柴市
- 柴心兒/柴心儿 (cháixīnr)
- 柴房
- 柴扉 (cháifēi)
- 柴望
- 柴木 (cháimù)
- 柴桑
- 柴棘
- 柴棍 (cháigùn)
- 柴榮/柴荣
- 柴毀/柴毁
- 柴毀滅性/柴毁灭性
- 柴毀骨立/柴毁骨立
- 柴水
- 柴油 (cháiyóu)
- 柴油機/柴油机 (cháiyóujī)
- 柴湖 (Cháihú)
- 柴溝堡/柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
- 柴火 (cháihuo)
- 柴瘠
- 柴禾 (cháihé)
- 柴窯/柴窑
- 柴立不阿
- 柴米 (cháimǐ)
- 柴米夫妻
- 柴米油鹽/柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
- 柴米油鹽醬醋茶/柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
- 柴胡 (cháihú)
- 柴荊/柴荆
- 柴草 (cháicǎo)
- 柴荒米貴/柴荒米贵
- 柴薪 (cháixīn)
- 柴車/柴车
- 柴達木河/柴达木河
- 柴門/柴门 (cháimén)
- 柴門霍夫/柴门霍夫
- 柴雞/柴鸡 (cháijī)
- 柴頭/柴头
- 柴魚/柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 滿口胡柴/满口胡柴
- 火柴 (huǒchái)
- 烈火乾柴/烈火干柴
- 燔柴 (fánchái)
- 瓜柴
- 瘦骨如柴
- 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
- 稱柴而爨/称柴而爨
- 老樹枯柴/老树枯柴
- 胡柴 (húchái)
- 胸中柴棘
- 茅柴
- 茅柴酒
- 荊柴/荆柴
- 骨瘦如柴 (gǔshòurúchái)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
- Wade–Giles: chai4
- Yale: jài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
- Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zaai6
- Yale: jaaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai6
- Guangdong Romanization: zai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]柴
- † to fence; to surround and protect with fence (made of wood)
- † to cover; to place something over
- † to stop; to block; to obstruct
- † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “defending fence”)
- † Alternative form of 寨 (zhài, “villa”)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From English chevron (Leung, 2018).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: caai4
- Yale: chàaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsaai4
- Guangdong Romanization: cai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːi̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]柴
Compounds
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #6101”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]柴
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
柴 |
しば Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]柴 • (si, chae) (hangeul 시, 채, revised si, chae, McCune–Reischauer si, ch'ae, Yale si, chay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]柴: Hán Nôm readings: sài, thầy, thài, thày, sầy, xầy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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