昨日
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Chinese
[edit]Pronunciation 1
[edit]| yesterday | day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (昨日) |
昨 | 日 | |
| anagram | 日昨 | ||
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'coh7 nyit6
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): chā-li̍t / chǎ-li̍t / chā-ji̍t / cha̍h-li̍t / cha-ji̍t / cha̍h-ji̍t
- (Teochew, Peng'im): za2 rig8 / za1 rig8 / zao1 rig8
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8zoq-gniq; 6zo-gniq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zo2 r6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˊ ㄖˋ → ㄗㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄖ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: zuóri̊h
- Wade–Giles: tso2-jih5
- Yale: dzwó-r
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwo.ryh
- Palladius: цзожи (czoži)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵ ʐ̩⁵¹/ → /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵ ʐ̩³/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zok3 jat6 / zok6 jat6
- Yale: jok yaht / johk yaht
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzok8 jat9 / dzok9 jat9
- Guangdong Romanization: zog3 yed6 / zog6 yed6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːk̚³ jɐt̚²/, /t͡sɔːk̚² jɐt̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: zok6 jat6 - prescribed.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'coh7 nyit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈt͡sʰɔʔ² n̠ʲit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chā-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsā-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaxlit
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sa²²⁻²¹ lit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chǎ-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsǎ-li̍t
- IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sa³³⁻²² lit̚²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa²² lit̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chā-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsā-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaxjit
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sa²²⁻²¹ d͡zit̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sa³³⁻²¹ zit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Lukang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍h-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsa̍h-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaqlit
- IPA (Lukang): /t͡sa(ʔ)³⁵⁻² lit̚³⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsa-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zajit
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sa⁴⁴⁻³³ zit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cha̍h-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsa̍h-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zaqjit
- IPA (Singapore): /t͡sa(ʔ)⁴³⁻²¹ d͡zit̚⁴³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sa(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ zit̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: za2 rig8 / za1 rig8 / zao1 rig8
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsá ji̍k / tsa ji̍k / tsau ji̍k
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sa⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zik̚⁴/, /t͡sa³³⁻²³ d͡zik̚⁴/, /t͡sau³³⁻²³ d͡zik̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Note:
- za2 rig8 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
- za1 rig8 - Chenghai, Johor Bahru;
- zao1 rig8 - Jieyang.
- Middle Chinese: dzak nyit
Noun
[edit]昨日
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]| yesterday | day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (昨日) |
昨 | 日 | |
| alternative forms | 佐日 | ||
| anagram | 日昨 | ||
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏ̤h-nĭk
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): cho̍h--ji̍t / cho̍h--li̍t / choh--ji̍t / choh--li̍t / chō--ji̍t / choh-ji̍t / cho͘-li̍t
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏ̤h-nĭk
- Sinological IPA (key): /soʔ⁵⁻³³ nˡiʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho̍h--ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tso̍h--ji̍t
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Taichung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho̍h--li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tso̍h--li̍t
- (Hokkien: Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choh--ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsoh--ji̍t
- (Hokkien: Lukang, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choh--li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsoh--li̍t
- (Hokkien: Sanxia, Yilan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chō--ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsō--ji̍t
- (Hokkien: Tainan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: choh-ji̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsoh-ji̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoihjit
- IPA (Tainan): /t͡sɤ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cho͘-li̍t
- Tâi-lô: tsoo-li̍t
- Phofsit Daibuun: zolit
- IPA (Kinmen): /t͡sɔ⁴⁴⁻²² lit̚⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Penang)
Noun
[edit]昨日
Synonyms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| きのう | |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
/ki no pu/ → /kinoɸu/ → */kinowu/ → /kinou/ → /kinoː/
From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kinəpu.
The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The middle no appears to be the regular genitive particle の (no). The final pu is an apophonic form of 日 (hi, “day”),[1] also found in 今日 (kepu→kyō, “today”).
Martin suggests that the initial ki might also be related to Old Japanese 來 (ku, “to come”), modern 来る (kuru),[2] presumably via the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of ki. However, this is problematic both semantically, as "the coming day" would presumably refer to tomorrow rather than yesterday; and grammatically, as a verb modifying a noun would be expected to conjugate into the regular attributive form (for 來 (ku) that would be kuru), rather than into the continuative form that then necessitates a particle.
The kanji are orthographic borrowing from Chinese 昨日 (zuórì).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) きのー [kìnóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])[3][4][5] (noun)
- (Tokyo) きのー [kìnóó] (Heiban – [0])[3][5] (adverb)
- IPA(key): [kʲino̞ː]
Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| さく Grade: 4 |
じつ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | |
From Middle Chinese compound 昨日 (dzak nyit, literally “yesterday day ”). Compare modern Cantonese reading zok6 jat6.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| きそ | |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 昨夜 |
From Old Japanese. The initial ki is unclear, but is likely the same ki element that appears in other words pertaining to the past. This may be related to the now-obsolete auxiliary verb き (ki) indicating the recollective past -- see けり (keri). The final so is also unclear, but is probably the same as the final zo in 去年 (kozo).[1]
This may have been read as kizo in Old Japanese.[1][4]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Coordinate terms
[edit]Coordinate terms
- 一昨々日 (sakiototoi): three days ago
- 一昨日 (ototoi): the day before yesterday, two days ago
- 今日 (kyō): today
- 明日 (ashita): tomorrow
- 明後日 (asatte): the day after tomorrow, two days from now
- 明々後日 (shiasatte): three days from now
- 弥の明後日 (yanoasatte): three days from now; (dialectal) four days from now
- 今朝 (kesa): this morning
- 今晩 (konban): this evening
- 今夜 (kon'ya): tonight
| 時 (“Time”) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ | −3 | −2 | −1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | Continual | |
| Day | 日 | 一昨昨日 | 一昨日 | 昨日 | 今日 | 明日 | 明後日 | 毎日 |
| Morning | 朝 | — | 一昨朝 | 昨朝 | 今朝 | 明朝 | — | 毎朝 |
| Night | 晩 | — | 一昨晩 | 昨晩 | 今晩 | 明晩 | — | 毎晩 |
| Week | 週 | — | 先々週 | 先週 | 今週 | 来週 | 再来週 | 毎週 |
| Month | 月 | — | 先々月 | 先月 | 今月 | 来月 | 再来月 | 毎月 |
| Year | 年 | 一昨昨年 | 一昨年 | 去年 | 今年 | 来年 | 再来年 | 毎年 |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 451
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
Noun
[edit]Northern Amami Ōshima
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 昨 | 日 |
| Grade: 4 | Grade: 1 |
Noun
[edit]昨日 (kinu)
- yesterday
See also
[edit]- 一昨日 (kinu uttï, “the day before yesterday”)
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 昨
- Chinese terms spelled with 日
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- Eastern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min nouns
- Min Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- zh:Past
- zh:Day
- Japanese terms spelled with 昨
- Japanese terms spelled with 日
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
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- Japanese terms spelled with 昨 read as さく
- Japanese terms spelled with 日 read as じつ
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
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- ja:Past
- ja:Day
- Korean lemmas
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- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 昨
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with 日
- Northern Amami Ōshima lemmas
- Northern Amami Ōshima nouns
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Northern Amami Ōshima terms with 2 kanji