投降

Chinese

		to throw; to send	to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender
trad. (投降)		投	降
simp. #(投降)		投	降

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tóuxiáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tau⁴ hong⁴

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thèu-hòng
• Eastern Min (BUC): dàu-hòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tâu-hâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dao⁵ hang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tóuxiáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄡˊ ㄒㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tóusiáng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻou²-hsiang²
    • Yale: tóu-syáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tourshyang
    • Palladius: тоусян (tousjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: tau⁴ hong⁴
    • Yale: tàuh hòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tau⁴ hong⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: teo⁴ hong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɐu̯²¹ hɔːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thèu-hòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: teu^ˇ hong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: teu² hong²
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯¹¹ hoŋ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dàu-hòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵³⁻³³ ^(h-)ouŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tâu-hâng
    • Tâi-lô: tâu-hâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dau'haang
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tau²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tau²⁴⁻²² haŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tau¹³⁻²² haŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tau²⁴⁻¹¹ haŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tau²³⁻³³ haŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dao⁵ hang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tâu hâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tau⁵⁵⁻¹¹ haŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: duw haewng

Rime
Character	投	降
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	江 (9)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	度侯切	下江切
Baxter	duw	haewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dəu/	/ɦˠʌŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/dəu/	/ɦᵚɔŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/dəu/	/ɣɔŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəw/	/ɦaɨwŋ/
Li Rong	/du/	/ɣɔŋ/
Wang Li	/dəu/	/ɣɔŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱə̯u/	/ɣɔŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tóu	xiáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tau4	hong4

Verb

投降

1. to surrender; to capitulate
2. to submit; to give in; to yield

   • 不向焦慮與抑鬱投降，這個世界終會有我們存在的地方 [MSC, trad.]
     不向焦虑与抑郁投降，这个世界终会有我们存在的地方 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2020, November 6, kenchiu233 (username), answer to the question “对于跨性别者而言家长党和天赋党哪个重要？”, on Zhihu, quoted in 2021 January 15, 张楠茜, 《拯救可橙： 被父母强送矫治的跨性别者》, in 《鳳凰週刊》 [Phoenix Weekly], →ISSN, issue 747, page 42

     bù xiàng jiāolǜ yǔ yìyù tóuxiáng, zhège shìjiè zhōng huì yǒu wǒmen cúnzài de dìfāng [Pinyin]

     Don't submit to anxiety and depression; eventually there'll be a place for us in the world

Synonyms

• (to surrender): 收降 (shōuxiáng), 投誠／投诚 (tóuchéng)
• (to submit):

edit

• 屈從／屈从 (qūcóng)
• 屈服 (qūfú)
• 臣服 (chénfú)
• 降服

 

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “to submit”):

edit

• 不屈 (bùqū)

 

Derived terms

• 拱手投降
• 無條件投降／无条件投降 (wútiáojiàn tóuxiáng)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
投	降
とう Grade: 3	こう Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とーこー [tòókóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [to̞ːko̞ː]

Noun

投(とう)降(こう) • (tōkō) 

1. surrender

Verb

投(とう)降(こう)する • (tōkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 投(とう)降(こう)し (tōkō shi), past 投(とう)降(こう)した (tōkō shita))

1. surrender

Conjugation

Conjugation of "投降する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	投降し	とうこうし	tōkō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	投降し	とうこうし	tōkō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	投降する	とうこうする	tōkō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	投降する	とうこうする	tōkō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	投降すれ	とうこうすれ	tōkō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	投降せよ¹ 投降しろ²	とうこうせよ¹ とうこうしろ²	tōkō seyo¹ tōkō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	投降される	とうこうされる	tōkō sareru
Causative	投降させる 投降さす	とうこうさせる とうこうさす	tōkō saseru tōkō sasu
Potential	投降できる	とうこうできる	tōkō dekiru
Volitional	投降しよう	とうこうしよう	tōkō shiyō
Negative	投降しない	とうこうしない	tōkō shinai
Negative continuative	投降せず	とうこうせず	tōkō sezu
Formal	投降します	とうこうします	tōkō shimasu
Perfective	投降した	とうこうした	tōkō shita
Conjunctive	投降して	とうこうして	tōkō shite
Hypothetical conditional	投降すれば	とうこうすれば	tōkō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
投	降

Noun

投降 • (tuhang) (hangeul 투항)

1. hanja form^? of 투항 (“surrender”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
投	降

Verb

投降

1. chữ Hán form of đầu hàng (“to surrender”).