建築

See also: 建筑

Chinese

		to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct	build; five-string lute
trad. (建築)		建	築
simp. (建筑)		建	筑

Wikipedia has articles on:

建築 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
建築 (Cantonese)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiànzhù, jiànzhú

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ, ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin³ zuk¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kien-chuk / kian-chuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): gian⁴ zug⁵
Eastern Min (BUC): gióng-dé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-tiok / kiàn-tio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): giêng⁶ dog⁴ / giang⁶ dog⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ci-tsoq₇

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhù
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴-chu⁴
  - Yale: jyàn-jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjuh
  - Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiànzhú
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄓㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiànjhú
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴-chu²
  - Yale: jyàn-jú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannjwu
  - Palladius: цзяньчжу (czjanʹčžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    建築／建筑
    箭竹
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gin³ zuk¹
  - Yale: gin jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin³ dzuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin³ zug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kien-chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien zug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kian-chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian zug^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian⁴ zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯an⁵⁵ t͡suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gian⁴ zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kian⁵³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʊk̚¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gióng-dé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyoŋ²¹³⁻⁵³ ^(t-)nøyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, variant in Taiwan, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-tiok
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn-tiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kierndiog
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Penang): /kiɛn²¹⁻³³ tiɔk̚³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴² tiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-tio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn-tio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kierndiok
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giêng⁶ dog⁴ / giang⁶ dog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiĕng tok / kiăng tok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kieŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/, /kiaŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ tok̚²/

Note:

giêng6 dog4 - Chaozhou;
giang6 dog4 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ci-tsoq₇
  - MiniDict: ci^去 tsoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ji-tsoq₄
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³³ t͡soʔ⁴⁴/

Verb

建築

(literally or figuratively, transitive) to build; to construct; to erect (buildings and structures)
建築高樓／建筑高楼 ― jiànzhù gāolóu ― to erect tall buildings

Synonyms

edit

修建 (xiūjiàn)
修築／修筑 (xiūzhù)
塑建 (sùjiàn)
建構／建构 (jiàngòu) (something abstract)
建設／建设 (jiànshè)
建造 (jiànzào)
搭 (Hokkien)
搭建 (dājiàn)
搭蓋／搭盖 (dāgài) (a temporary structure)
搭設／搭设 (dāshè)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
構作／构作 (gòuzuò)
構建／构建 (gòujiàn) (something abstract)
構築／构筑 (gòuzhù)
構造／构造 (gòuzào)
營造／营造 (yíngzào)
版築／版筑 (bǎnzhù) (literary)
築／筑 (zhù) (literary, or in compounds)
築造／筑造 (zhùzào)
興修／兴修 (xīngxiū) (a large project)
興建／兴建 (xīngjiàn)
興築／兴筑 (xīngzhù) (literary)
起立 (qǐlì)

Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	蓋
	Taiwan	蓋
	Harbin	蓋
	Singapore	建
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	蓋
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	蓋
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	蓋
	Xi'an	蓋
	Xining	蓋
	Xuzhou	起
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	蓋
	Lanzhou	蓋
	Ürümqi	蓋, 起
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	修, 起
	Guiyang	起, 修
	Liuzhou	起
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	蓋, 造
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	蓋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	起
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	起
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	起
	Taishan	起
	Dongguan	起
	Rongxian	起
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	起
	Hepu (Shatian)	做
	Guiping	起
	Guiping (Mule)	起, 整
	Pingnan	起
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	起
	Guigang (Pingdong)	起
	Beihai	起
	Beihai (Nankang)	起
	Beihai (Yingpan)	起
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	起, 做
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	起
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	做
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	起, 搭
	Singapore (Guangfu)	起
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	起
	Móng Cái	起
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	起
	Betong (Rongxian)	起
Gan	Nanchang	起
	Lichuan	做
	Pingxiang	起
Hakka	Meixian	起, 做
	Yudu	做
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	起
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	起
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	起
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	起
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	起
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	起
	Hong Kong	起
	Senai (Huiyang)	起
Huizhou	Jixi	起
Jin	Taiyuan	蓋
Jin	Xinzhou	蓋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	開
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	起
Eastern Min	Matsu	起
Southern Min	Xiamen	起
	Quanzhou	起
	Zhangzhou	起
	Tainan	起
	Singapore (Hokkien)	起
	Chaozhou	起
	Shantou	起
	Jieyang	起
	Bangkok (Teochew)	起
	Chiang Mai (Teochew)	起
	Hat Yai (Teochew)	起
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	起
	Singapore (Teochew)	起
	Leizhou	作
	Haikou	作
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	起
Wu	Shanghai	造
	Shanghai (Chongming)	造, 起
	Suzhou	造
	Danyang	砌
	Hangzhou	造
	Ningbo	起
	Jinhua	起
Xiang	Changsha	起
Xiang	Loudi	起

Noun

建築

(countable) building; structure; edifice (Classifier: 座)
一座很古老的建築 [MSC, trad.]
一座很古老的建筑 [MSC, simp.]
yī zuò hěn gǔlǎo de jiànzhù [Pinyin]
an ancient building

艾菲爾鐵塔是巴黎的標誌性建築。 [MSC, trad.]
艾菲尔铁塔是巴黎的标志性建筑。 [MSC, simp.]
Àifēi'ěr Tiětǎ shì Bālí de biāozhìxìng jiànzhù. [Pinyin]
The Eiffel Tower is Paris's landmark structure.

這建築看上去有些年頭了。 [MSC, trad.]
这建筑看上去有些年头了。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhè jiànzhù kàn shàngqù yǒuxiē niántóu le. [Pinyin]
This building looks old.
(uncountable) construction; building
建築工人／建筑工人 ― jiànzhù gōngrén ― construction worker

建築許可證／建筑许可证 ― jiànzhù xǔkězhèng ― construction permit

建築技術／建筑技术 ― jiànzhù jìshù ― construction technology
(countable, uncountable) architecture (Classifier: 座)
佛教建築／佛教建筑 ― fójiào jiànzhù ― Buddhist architecture

古代建築／古代建筑 ― gǔdài jiànzhù ― ancient architecture

綠色建築／绿色建筑 ― lǜsè jiànzhù ― eco-friendly architecture
(countable, figurative) structure; construction
上層建築／上层建筑 ― shàngcéng jiànzhù ― superstructure

Synonyms

(countable, building): 建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù), 房子 (fángzi)
(structure):

edit

佈局／布局 (bùjú)
架構／架构 (jiàgòu)
框架 (kuàngjià)
構成／构成 (gòuchéng)
構架／构架 (gòujià)
構造／构造 (gòuzào)
組成／组成 (zǔchéng)
結構／结构 (jiégòu)
骨 (figurative)
骨架 (gǔjià) (figurative)

Derived terms

上層建築／上层建筑 (shàngcéng jiànzhù)
古建築／古建筑 (gǔjiànzhù)
建材 (jiàncái)
建築學／建筑学 (jiànzhùxué)
建築工／建筑工 (jiànzhùgōng)
建築工地／建筑工地 (jiànzhù gōngdì)
建築師／建筑师 (jiànzhùshī)
建築材料／建筑材料 (jiànzhù cáiliào)
建築業／建筑业 (jiànzhùyè)
建築物／建筑物 (jiànzhùwù)
建築群／建筑群 (jiànzhùqún)
建築面積／建筑面积 (jiànzhù miànjī)
生態建築／生态建筑 (shēngtài jiànzhù)
綠色建築／绿色建筑 (lǜsè jiànzhù)

Japanese

建築 on Japanese Wikipedia

Kanji in this term
建	築
けん Grade: 4	ちく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんちく [kèńchíkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ɲ̟t͡ɕi̥kɯ̟]

Noun

建(けん)築(ちく) • (kenchiku)

architecture

Derived terms

建(けん)築(ちく)主(しゅ)事(じ) (kenchikushuji)
建(けん)築(ちく)協(きょう)定(てい) (kenchikukyōtei)
建(けん)築(ちく)士(し) (kenchikushi)
建(けん)築(ちく)学(がく) (kenchikugaku)
建(けん)築(ちく)家(か) (kenchikuka)
建(けん)築(ちく)施(せ)工(こう)管(かん)理(り)技(ぎ)士(し) (kenchikusekōkanrigishi)
建(けん)築(ちく)材(ざい) (kenchikuzai)
建(けん)築(ちく)業(ぎょう) (kenchikugyō)
建(けん)築(ちく)物(ぶつ) (kenchikubutsu)
建(けん)築(ちく)物(ぶつ) (kenchikubutsu)
建(けん)築(ちく)確(かく)認(にん) (kenchikukakunin)
建(けん)築(ちく)許(きょ)可(か) (kenchikukyoka)
建(けん)築(ちく)設(せつ)備(び)士(し) (kenchikusetsubishi)
建(けん)築(ちく)面(めん)積(せき) (kenchikumenseki)

Verb

建(けん)築(ちく)する • (kenchiku suru) suru (stem 建(けん)築(ちく)し (kenchiku shi), past 建(けん)築(ちく)した (kenchiku shita))

to build; to construct

Conjugation

Conjugation of "建築する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	建築し	けんちくし	kenchiku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	建築し	けんちくし	kenchiku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	建築する	けんちくする	kenchiku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	建築する	けんちくする	kenchiku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	建築すれ	けんちくすれ	kenchiku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	建築せよ¹ 建築しろ²	けんちくせよ¹ けんちくしろ²	kenchiku seyo¹ kenchiku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	建築される	けんちくされる	kenchiku sareru
Causative	建築させる建築さす	けんちくさせるけんちくさす	kenchiku saseru kenchiku sasu
Potential	建築できる	けんちくできる	kenchiku dekiru
Volitional	建築しよう	けんちくしよう	kenchiku shiyō
Negative	建築しない	けんちくしない	kenchiku shinai
Negative continuative	建築せず	けんちくせず	kenchiku sezu
Formal	建築します	けんちくします	kenchiku shimasu
Perfective	建築した	けんちくした	kenchiku shita
Conjunctive	建築して	けんちくして	kenchiku shite
Hypothetical conditional	建築すれば	けんちくすれば	kenchiku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
建	築

Noun

建築 • (geonchuk or McCune-Reischauer: kŏnch'uk or Yale: kenchwuk) (hangeul 건축)

hanja form^? of 건축 (“architecture”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
建	築

Noun

建築

chữ Hán form of kiến trúc (“architecture”).

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]