山東

See also: 山东

Chinese

		mountain; hill	east
trad. (山東)		山	東
simp. (山东)		山	东
anagram		東山／东山
Literally: “east of the mountain”.

Etymology

Shandong

So named as it lies on the east of the Taihang Mountains.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Shāndōng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ dung¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Sân-tûng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ dung¹

• Northern Min (KCR): Suíng-dóng
• Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-dĕ̤ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-tang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ dang¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-ton

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shāndōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄉㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shandong
    • Wade–Giles: Shan¹-tung¹
    • Yale: Shān-dūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shandong
    • Palladius: Шаньдун (Šanʹdun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: saan¹ dung¹
    • Yale: sāan dūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: san¹ dung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-tûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ dung^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ dung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: san¹ dung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Suíng-dóng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-dĕ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(t-)nøyŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-tang
    • Tâi-lô: Suann-tang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dafng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ taŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suan¹ dang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹se-ton
    • MiniDict: se^平 ton
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-ton
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: srean tuwng

Rime
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所閒切	德紅切
Baxter	srean	tuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/tuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/tuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/təwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/tuŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/tuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	dōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan1	dung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar  tˤoŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sreːn  toːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	dōng
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ tuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/*tˁoŋ/ (< *tˁoŋʔ ?)
English	mountain, hill	east
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	2435
Phonetic component	山	東
Rime group	元	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	山	東
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*toːŋ/
Notes		種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽， 參敕字陳字注

Proper noun

山東

1. (～省) Shandong (a province of China)
2. (historical, specifically) the area to the east of Hangu Pass
3. (historical, specifically) the area to the east of the Taihang Mountains
4. (historical, specifically) the area to the east of Mount Hua

Synonyms

• (Shandong): 齊魯／齐鲁 (Qílǔ)

Derived terms

• 山東半島／山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
• 山東梆子／山东梆子
• 山東棒子／山东棒子 (shāndōng bàngzi)
• 山東粉／山东粉
• 山東龍／山东龙

 

Noun

山東

1. east of the mountain (in general)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 山東 (MC srean tuwng).

Alternative forms

• 山東(シャンドン) (Shandon)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (Santou)?}

1. Shandong (a province of China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山	東
しゃん Grade: 1	どん Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 山東／山东 (Shāndōng).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕã̠ndõ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

山東(シャンドン) • (Shandon) 

1. Alternative form of 山東 (Santō, “Shandong (a province of China)”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (Santou)?}

1. (obsolete) east of the Rockies (a region of the United States)

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東 • (Sandong) (hangeul 산동)

1. hanja form^? of 산동 (“Shandong”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東

1. chữ Hán form of Sơn Đông (“Shandong”).