剛

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See also: 刚
剛 U 525B, 剛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-525B
← 剚
[U 525A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 剜 →
[U 525C]

Translingual

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Han character

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剛 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀 8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月山中弓 (BULN), four-corner 72200, composition ⿰岡刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 141, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2042
  • Dae Jaweon: page 320, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 344, character 10
  • Unihan data for U 525B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (岡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
岡 *klaːŋ
崗 *klaːŋ
剛 *klaːŋ
掆 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
鋼 *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs
綱 *klaːŋ
犅 *klaːŋ
堈 *klaːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːŋ) : phonetic 岡 (OC *klaːŋ) semantic 刀 (“knife”).

Etymology 1

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trad. 剛
simp. 刚

Along with 鋼 (OC *klaːŋ, *klaːŋs, “steel”), derived from the terminative of 固 (OC *kaːs, “firm, solid, hard”), literally "having become solid, hard" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 唐 (101)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古郎切
Baxter kang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kɑŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kɑŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		gāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁaŋ/
English strong; hard

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 剛
Reading # 1/1
No. 3713
Phonetic
component 		岡
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		岡
Old
Chinese 		/*klaːŋ/

Definitions

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剛

  1. firm; hard; stiff
  2. strong
    他的性格是剛與柔的結合。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的性格是刚与柔的结合。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de xìnggé shì gāng yǔ róu de jiéhé. [Pinyin]
    His character is a combination of strength and kindness.
  3. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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trad. 剛
simp. 刚
alternative forms 將／将 dialectal

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note: jion1 - colloquial.
Note: 1jian - colloquial (dated).

Definitions

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剛

  1. just; exactly
    剛好／刚好  ―  gānghǎo  ―  just, exactly
  2. only a short while ago; just
    剛才／刚才  ―  gāngcái  ―  just now; a moment ago
    剛剛／刚刚  ―  gānggāng  ―  just now; only
    他剛回來。／他刚回来。  ―  Tā gāng huílái.  ―  He has just came back.
  3. barely; just
    一個月1000元的工資，剛夠他吃飯。 [MSC, trad.]
    一个月1000元的工资，刚够他吃饭。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yī ge yuè 1000 yuán de gōngzī, gāng gòu tā chīfàn. [Pinyin]
    He earns 1000 yuan a month, barely enough for food.
  4. as soon as; only at this moment
    他剛做完工作，鈴就響了 [MSC, trad.]
    他刚做完工作，铃就响了 [MSC, simp.]
    tā gāng zuòwán gōngzuò, líng jiù xiǎng le [Pinyin]
    The moment he finished his work, the bell rang.
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 剛才 (“just now”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 剛才, 方才, 適才, 剛剛, 剛
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 剛才, 才剛, 將才
Taiwan 剛才, 剛剛, 剛
Harbin 才剛兒, 頭先, 頭前兒
Malaysia 剛才
Singapore 剛才, 剛剛, 剛
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 剛才, 剛剛的
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 剛打剛兒, 剛剛兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 才剛, 才剛剛兒
Wanrong 剛剛
Xi'an 剛才
Xining 才才
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 才剛
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 剛才, 才剛
Ürümqi 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 剛頭兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 才剛, 剛才, 剛剛, 剛, 先頭
Wuhan 才剛, 剛才, 才一路, 才路, 一路
Liuzhou 頭先, 啱先
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛
Yangzhou 剛才, 才剛, 剛剛, 剛
Hefei 剛才
Cantonese Guangzhou 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話, 疇先
Hong Kong 頭先, 求先, 啱先, 啱啱, 先頭, 正話
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 正就
Macau 頭先
Guangzhou (Panyu) 頭先, 啱啱, 啱先, 正話
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 啱啱
Guangzhou (Conghua) 啱啱
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 頭先
Foshan 剛啱, 舊家
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 舊先
Foshan (Shunde) 頭先
Foshan (Sanshui) 啱啱
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 啱青
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 頭先
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 頭先
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 頭先
Zhuhai (Doumen) 頭先
Jiangmen (Baisha) 頭先
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 頭先
Taishan 頭先, 正話
Kaiping (Chikan) 頭先
Enping (Niujiang) 頭先
Heshan (Yayao) 啱啱
Dongguan 蚊蚊, 啱先, 啱啱
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 頭先
Yangjiang 頭先, 啱先
Nanning 啱先
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 啱啱, 正話
Singapore (Guangfu) 頭先, 啱啱
Gan Nanchang 剛腳, 一腳
Lichuan 剛腳
Hakka Meixian 頭先, 啱先, 啱啱
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 先頭, 頭先
Dongguan (Qingxi) 正先
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 正先
Wuhua (Huacheng) 早先
Wengyuan 頭先
Liannan 正先
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 啱啱
Jiexi 早回
Changting 頭先
Wuping (Yanqian) 頭間
Ninghua 正
Ningdu 當頭
Tonggu (Sandu) 正
Dayu 剛正哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭先, 頭下
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭先, 頭下
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭先, 頭下
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭先, 頭下
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭先, 頭下
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭先, 頭下
Hong Kong 頭先
Mengshan (Xihe) 啱
Luchuan 啱先
Senai (Huiyang) 正先
Huizhou Jixi 剛才, 剛剛, 剛之
Jin Taiyuan 剛才, 剛剛
Northern Min Jian'ou 頃先, 頃, 頃頃
Eastern Min Fuzhou 頭先, 頭先早, 連眼, 連刻, 矢文
Southern Min Xiamen 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 拄
Quanzhou 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 頭站仔, 拄
Zhangzhou 頭先, 拄仔, 拄拄, 拄拄仔, 拄才, 拄仔才, 頭拄仔, 前拄仔, 盡拄仔, 拄
Kaohsiung 拄才
Yilan 拄才
Changhua (Lukang) 拄才
Taichung 拄拄仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 拄仔才
Tainan 頭陣仔
Taitung 頭拄仔
Hsinchu 拄仔
Penghu (Magong) 拄才
Penang (Hokkien) 麻汝, 耽仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 麻汝, 頭先, 頭早
Manila (Hokkien) 站仔, 頭站仔
Chaozhou 頭陣, 同早, 同旰
Shantou 剛才
Jieyang 同早, 同旰, 頭先, 同陣, 頭陣, 自早
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 同旰
Singapore (Teochew) 麻汝, 頭先, 同早
Leizhou 當奉囝
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 頭先, 開頭, 啱啱, 啱先
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 啱先, 頭先, 幾早, 頭幾早
Wu Shanghai 剛剛, 剛, 剛正, 開開 dated, 客客 dated, 方才 dated
Suzhou 剛剛, 剛剛頭, 剛巧
Danyang 剛才, 剛剛
Hangzhou 剛剛
Ningbo 剛剛
Wenzhou 頭前, 頭先, 頭兒
Xiang Changsha 剛才, 才剛, 嚴剛
Loudi 剛剛
Shuangfeng 當好, 才當

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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剛

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. sturdy

Readings

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  • Go-on: こう (kō)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kan’yō-on: ごう (gō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: つよい (tsuyoi, 剛い)、こわい (kowai)

Proper noun

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剛(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

  1. a male given name

剛(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi) 

  1. a male given name

剛(ごう) • (Gō) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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剛 (eum 강 (gang))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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剛: Hán Nôm readings: cương[1], cang[2]

  1. hard, strong, firm

References

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  1. ^ Trần (2004).
  2. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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