先行
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Chinese
[edit]early; prior; former early; prior; former; in advance; first |
to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (先行) |
先 | 行 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sin1 haang4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siên-hàng
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sian-hêng / suiⁿ-kiâⁿ / seng-kiâⁿ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: siansíng
- Wade–Giles: hsien1-hsing2
- Yale: syān-syíng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianshyng
- Palladius: сяньсин (sjanʹsin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sin1 haang4
- Yale: sīn hàahng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sin1 haang4
- Guangdong Romanization: xin1 hang4
- Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵ haːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siên-hàng
- Hakka Romanization System: xienˊ hangˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: xian1 hang2
- Sinological IPA: /si̯en²⁴ haŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
Note:
- sian-hêng - literary;
- suiⁿ-kiâⁿ/seng-kiâⁿ - vernacular (to go ahead).
Verb
[edit]先行
Adjective
[edit]先行
Adverb
[edit]先行
- (literary) before; previously
- (Can we verify( ) this sense?) in advance; beforehand
Synonyms
[edit]- (before):
- 上早 (Hakka)
- 以前 (yǐqián)
- 先前 (xiānqián)
- 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
- 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
- 原在 (Hakka)
- 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
- 向來/向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
- 嘗/尝 (cháng) (literary, or used in compounds)
- 在前 (zàiqián)
- 家先 (Hakka)
- 往擺/往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 往擺仔/往摆仔 (Hokkien)
- 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
- 往過/往过 (Hokkien)
- 往過仔/往过仔 (Hokkien)
- 從前/从前 (cóngqián)
- 早先 (zǎoxiān)
- 早年所 (Hokkien)
- 早時/早时 (Hokkien)
- 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
- 昔時/昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
- 曾
- 曾經/曾经 (céngjīng)
- 當初/当初 (dāngchū)
- 舊擺/旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 舊早/旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
- 過前/过前 (Hainanese)
Noun
[edit]先行
Derived terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
先 | 行 |
さき Grade: 1 |
ゆ(き) Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
先行き |
Compound of 先 (saki, “point, tip; the front, the forward direction; the future”) 行き (yuki, “going”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 行く (yuku, “to go”), alternative reading for iku).[1][2][3][4]
The sakiyuki reading is first cited to a text from 1678.[1]
Less commonly encountered with the reading sakiiki, using the standard iki reading for the second half.[1][2][3][4] This variant is first cited to a text from 1686.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]先行 or 先行 • (sakiyuki or sakiiki)
- [???] the first, the vanguard, the state of going out in front
- [from 1678] the future, prospects
- [from 1881] (finance) anticipated future movement in market prices
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
先 | 行 |
せん Grade: 1 |
こう Grade: 2 |
on'yomi | kan'on |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 先行 (MC sen haeng, literally “preceding to go”).
First cited to a text from 833.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 先行権 (senkōken, “right of way”, in traffic)
- 先行詞 (senkōshi, “antecedent”, in grammar)
Verb
[edit]先行する • (senkō suru) ←せんかう (senkau)?suru (stem 先行し (senkō shi), past 先行した (senkō shita))
- [from 833] to go ahead of, to go in front of, to go first
- Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
- [from 1887] to lead, to show the way
- Synonym: 導く (michibiku)
- [from 1928] to do something ahead of something else
- Synonym: 前行 (zenkō)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "先行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 先行し | せんこうし | senkō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 先行する | せんこうする | senkō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 先行すれ | せんこうすれ | senkō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 先行せよ¹ 先行しろ² |
せんこうせよ¹ せんこうしろ² |
senkō seyo¹ senkō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 先行される | せんこうされる | senkō sareru | |
Causative | 先行させる 先行さす |
せんこうさせる せんこうさす |
senkō saseru senkō sasu | |
Potential | 先行できる | せんこうできる | senkō dekiru | |
Volitional | 先行しよう | せんこうしよう | senkō shiyō | |
Negative | 先行しない | せんこうしない | senkō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 先行せず | せんこうせず | senkō sezu | |
Formal | 先行します | せんこうします | senkō shimasu | |
Perfective | 先行した | せんこうした | senkō shita | |
Conjunctive | 先行して | せんこうして | senkō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 先行すれば | せんこうすれば | senkō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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