元首

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Chinese

[edit]
primary; first; fundamental
primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
 
head; chief; first (occasion)
head; chief; first (occasion); first (thing); measure word for poems
 
simp. and trad.
(元首) 		元 首
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Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 元 首
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 元 (66) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 愚袁切 書九切
Baxter ngjwon syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋʉɐn/ /ɕɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋʷiɐn/ /ɕiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiuɐn/ /ɕiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋuan/ /ɕuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ŋiuɐn/ /ɕiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭwɐn/ /ɕĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯wɐn/ /ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yuán shǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun4 sau2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 元 首
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yuán shǒu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngjwon › ‹ syuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal uvular) /*l̥uʔ/
English head; first head

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 元 首
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 16145 11671
Phonetic
component 		元 首
Rime
group 		元 幽
Rime
subdivision 		3 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		元 首
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋon/ /*hljuʔ/

Noun

[edit]

元首

  1. head of state
  2. monarch; sovereign; king; ruler
  3. (Classical) beginning
  4. (Classical, literally) head

Synonyms

[edit]
edit
  • (head):
Dialectal synonyms of 頭 (“head”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 首, 元, 頭, 元首
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頭, 頭部, 頭顱, 頭腦
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦殼兒, 腦殼, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 老屋子
Taiwan 頭, 腦袋
Chengde 頭, 腦袋瓜兒
Ulanhot 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Tongliao 腦袋
Chifeng 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Heihe 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子
Qiqihar 頭, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Harbin 頭, 腦殼兒, 腦殼子, 腦子, 腦瓜兒, 腦瓜子, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子
Jiamusi 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Baicheng 頭, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Changchun 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Tonghua 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Shenyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Jinzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Singapore 頭
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 腦袋
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒, 腦袋瓜子, 腦袋瓜兒
Tangshan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Cangzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦殼兒
Baoding 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Shijiazhuang 頭, 腦袋
Lijin 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Jinan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 腦瓜子, 腦瓜兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 頭
Dandong 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Yantai 頭
Yantai (Muping) 頭, 腦袋瓜子 derogatory
Qingdao 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Zhucheng 頭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 頭, 低腦
Lingbao 頭
Jining 頭
Wanrong 得腦
Linfen 得腦
Shangqiu 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Yuanyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒
Zhengzhou 頭, 腦袋
Kaifeng 腦袋
Xinyang 頭
Baihe 頭, 腦袋, 腦瓜兒
Xi'an 𦠿, 頭, 腦袋, 脊囊
Baoji 頭, 多腦
Tianshui 頭, 多腦
Xining 頭, 腦袋, 朵落
Xuzhou 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子, 棗木 dated, humorous
Fuyang 頭, 腦袋
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 頭
Bayanhot 頭, 腦袋
Lanzhou 頭, 頭蛋骨, 得勒 derogatory
Dunhuang 頭, 腦瓜子, 腦勺, 腦勺殼子
Hami 頭, 腦袋
Ürümqi 頭, 腦瓜子
Ürümqi (Xigou) 頭
Ürümqi (Changshanzi) 頭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 腦殼
Nanchong 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Dazhou 腦殼
Hanyuan 腦殼
Xichang 腦殼, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒
Zigong 頭, 腦殼
Chongqing 腦殼, 沙罐兒
Wuhan 頭, 腦殼, 腦瓜子
Yichang 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Xiangyang 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Tianmen 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Guiyang 腦殼
Zunyi 腦袋, 腦殼兒
Bijie 腦殼
Liping 腦袋, 腦殼
Zhaotong 腦殼
Dali 腦殼
Kunming 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋
Mengzi 頭, 腦殼
Guilin 頭, 腦殼
Liuzhou 頭, 頭殼, 腦殼
Tianlin (Langping) 腦殼
Jishou 頭, 腦殼
Changde 腦殼
Hanzhong 頭, 腦袋, 腦殼
Mae Salong (Lancang) 頭, 腦袋
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 頭, 腦袋
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 頭, 頭兒
Yangzhou 頭
Lianyungang 頭
Lianshui 頭, 腦袋瓜子
Xinghua 頭
Nantong 頭
Anqing 頭, 腦袋瓜
Wuhu 頭
Hefei 頭
Hong'an 頭, 腦殼, 腦袋
Cantonese Guangzhou 頭, 頭殼
Hong Kong 頭, 頭殼
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 頭殼
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 頭殼
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 頭
Macau 頭
Guangzhou (Panyu) 頭, 頭殼
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 頭
Guangzhou (Conghua) 頭
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 頭, 頭殼
Foshan 頭, 頭殼
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 頭
Foshan (Shunde) 頭
Foshan (Sanshui) 頭殼
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 頭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 頭
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 頭
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 頭
Zhuhai (Doumen) 頭, 頭殼
Jiangmen (Baisha) 頭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 頭
Taishan 頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 頭
Enping (Niujiang) 頭
Heshan (Yayao) 頭
Dongguan 腦殼, 頭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 頭殼
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 頭
Qingyuan 頭
Fogang 頭
Yingde (Hanguang) 頭殼
Yangshan 頭
Lianshan (Butian) 頭
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 頭
Shaoguan 頭, 頭殼
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭
Renhua 頭乸殼
Lechang 頭
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 頭
Sihui 頭
Guangning 頭
Deqing 頭
Huaiji 頭, 羅殼
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 頭
Yunfu 頭, 頭殼
Xinxing 頭, 頭殼
Luoding 頭
Yunan (Pingtai) 頭
Yangjiang 頭殼
Xinyi 頭, 頭殼
Maoming (Xinpo) 頭, 頭殼
Lianjiang 頭, 頭殼
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 頭
Nanning 頭, 頭殼
Wuzhou 頭
Yulin 頭, 頭殼
Hepu (Lianzhou) 頭殼
Hepu (Shatian) 頭骨
Guiping 頭
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭
Guigang (Nanjiang) 頭
Baise 頭
Bobai 頭
Lingshan 頭
Pubei 頭
Qinzhou 頭
Beihai 頭
Beihai (Nankang) 頭殼
Beihai (Yingpan) 頭殼
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 頭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 頭
Ningming 頭
Hengzhou 頭
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 頭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 頭
Sanya (Yanglan Maihua) 頭
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 頭
Singapore (Guangfu) 頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 頭
Móng Cái 頭
Gan Nanchang 頭, 腦蓋
Lichuan 頭, 腦
Pingxiang 腦殼
Hakka Meixian 頭那
Xingning 頭那
Dabu (Xihe) 頭那
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 頭, 頭那, 頭殼
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huiyang 頭那
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Huidong (Daling) 頭那
Dongguan (Qingxi) 頭那
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 頭那
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Boluo (Bendihua) 頭, 那殼
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 頭那
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 頭
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 頭那
Wuhua (Huacheng) 頭那, 頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 頭那
Wuhua (Mianyang) 頭那
Wuhua (Meilin) 頭那
Heyuan (Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 頭那
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 頭那
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 頭那
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 頭那
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Wengyuan 頭那
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頭那
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 頭, 頭那
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 頭那, 頭
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 頭那
Liannan 頭
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 頭
Jiexi 頭那
Luhe 頭那
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 頭那
Changting 頭那
Wuping 頭那
Wuping (Yanqian) 頭那
Wuping (Pingyu) 頭那
Liancheng 頭那
Ninghua 腦殼
Yudu 頭, 腦蓋, 腦殼
Ningdu 腦蓋
Ruijin 腦蓋, 頭那殼
Shicheng 腦蓋, 腦殼
Shangyou (Shexi) 腦蓋
Tonggu (Sandu) 頭那
Ganzhou (Panlong) 腦蓋
Dayu 腦骨窠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 頭那
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 頭那
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 頭那
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 頭那
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 頭那
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 頭那
Hong Kong 頭那
Yangxi (Tangkou) 頭
Yangchun (Sanjia) 頭殼
Xinyi (Sihe) 頭
Xinyi (Qianpai) 頭
Gaozhou (Xindong) 頭, 頭殼
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 頭殼
Huazhou (Xin'an) 頭殼
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 頭殼
Lianjiang (Qingping) 頭殼
Mengshan (Xihe) 頭腦
Luchuan 頭殼
Luchuan (Daqiao) 頭
Bobai (Shahe) 頭, 頭殼
Beiliu (Tang'an) 頭那
Mashan (Pianlian) 頭那
Sabah (Longchuan) 頭那
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 頭那
Senai (Huiyang) 頭那
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 頭
Singkawang 頭那
Singapore (Meixian) 頭那
Singapore (Dabu) 頭那
Huizhou Jixi 頭, 腦殼
Shexian 頭, 頭腦殼
Jin Taiyuan 得腦, 頭, 腦袋, 乾骷髏 derogatory, 骷髏 derogatory
Pingyao 得腦
Yangyuan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦瓜兒
Datong 頭, 腦袋
Xinzhou 得腦, 頭, 腦袋
Lüliang (Lishi) 腦袋, 腦袋瓜兒, 腦
Changzhi 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Taibus (Baochang) 頭
Linhe 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Jining 頭, 腦袋
Hohhot 頭, 腦袋, 得腦
Baotou 腦袋
Dongsheng 頭
Haibowan 腦袋
Erenhot 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Pingshan 頭, 腦袋瓜兒
Zhangjiakou 頭, 腦袋
Handan 頭, 腦袋, 腦袋瓜子
Linzhou 頭, 得腦哦
Suide 頭, 腦
Northern Min Jian'ou 頭
Jian'ou (Dikou) 頭
Songxi 頭
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 頭
Jianyang 頭
Wuyishan 腦殼
Pucheng (Shibei) 頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 頭, 頭腦, 頭首
Lianjiang 頭
Fuqing 頭
Gutian 頭
Pingnan 頭
Fu'an 頭
Ningde 頭子
Xiapu 頭
Shouning 頭
Zhouning 頭
Fuding 頭
Matsu 頭, 頭首
Southern Min Xiamen 頭, 頭殼
Xiamen (Tong'an) 頭殼
Quanzhou 頭, 頭殼
Jinjiang 頭殼
Hui'an 頭殼
Anxi 頭殼
Yongchun 頭殼
Dehua 頭殼
Zhangzhou 頭, 頭殼
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 頭殼
Hua'an 頭殼
Pinghe 頭殼
Zhangpu 頭殼
Yunxiao 頭碗
Zhao'an 頭殼
Dongshan 頭
Taipei 頭, 頭殼
Taipei (Wanhua) 頭殼
New Taipei (Sanxia) 頭, 頭殼
Kaohsiung 頭, 頭殼
Yilan 頭, 頭殼
Changhua (Lukang) 頭, 頭殼
Taichung 頭殼
Taichung (Wuqi) 頭殼
Tainan 頭, 頭殼
Taitung 頭殼
Hsinchu 頭殼
Kinmen 頭殼
Penghu (Magong) 頭殼
Penang (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Singapore (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Manila (Hokkien) 頭, 頭殼
Longyan 頭殼
Datian 頭殼
Pingnan (Shangdu) 頭
Chaozhou 頭殼
Shantou 頭殼, 頭, 腦殼
Shantou (Chenghai) 頭殼
Shantou (Chaoyang) 頭, 頭殼
Jieyang 頭, 頭殼
Lufeng 頭殼
Haifeng 頭, 頭殼, 頭殼顱
Bangkok (Teochew) 頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 頭
Singapore (Teochew) 頭
Batam (Teochew) 頭
Leizhou 頭, 頭顱, 殼升
Wenchang 頭
Haikou 頭顱, 頭殼
Qionghai 頭, 頭顱
Puxian Min Putian 頭, 頭末
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 頭
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 頭末
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 頭
Xianyou 頭
Xianyou (Fengting) 頭
Xianyou (Youyang) 頭, 頭囝
Fuding (Aoyao) 頭殼
Central Min Yong'an 頭殼, 頭
Sanming (Sanyuan) 頭殼
Sanming (Shaxian) 頭殼
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 頭殼
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 頭, 頭殼
Nanning (Xinxu) 頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 頭
Wu Shanghai 頭, 腦袋, 頭骷顱, 骷顱頭 often derogatory, 骷郎頭 often derogatory
Shanghai (Chongming) 頭爿
Suzhou 頭, 骷郎頭, 六斤四兩
Danyang 頭, 腦袋瓜, 頭骷郎
Hangzhou 頭, 腦頭瓜
Ningbo 骷顱頭, 骷郎頭, 頭, 骷顱頭甏 derogatory, 骷顱頭瓶 derogatory, 六斤四兩 humorous
Wenzhou 頭, 六斤四 secret
Jinhua 頭, 葫粒頭 humorous
Xiang Changsha 腦殼
Xiangxiang 腦殼
Loudi 腦殼
Shuangfeng 腦殼
Hengyang 腦殼
Quanzhou 腦殼
Xiangnan Tuhua Jiangyong 腦牯

Proper noun

[edit]

元首

  1. (historical or Internet slang) Führer (the title of Adolf Hitler when he was the leader of Nazi Germany)
  2. (Malaysia) Yang di-Pertuan Agong

Japanese

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
元 首
げん
Grade: 2 		しゅ
Grade: 2
kan'on goon
 元首 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese compound 元首 (MC ngjwon syuwX, literally “first, prime head”).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

元(げん)首(しゅ) • (genshu) 

  1. head of state (the chief public representative of a nation), ruler, sovereign
Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
元 首
もと
Grade: 2 		くび
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Compound of 元 (moto, “origin, base”) ‎ 首 (kubi, “neck, head”).[2]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

元(もと)首(くび) • (motokubi) 

  1. (rare) the base of the neck
  2. (rare) (by extension upwards) the head
Usage notes
[edit]

The kun'yomi reading of motokubi is rare for this term.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
元首

Noun

[edit]

元首 • (wonsu) (hangeul 원수)

  1. hanja form? of 원수 (“sovereign; head of state”)
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