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See also: ' [U 0027 APOSTROPHE], ʼ [U 02BC MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE], ʹ [U 02B9 MODIFIER LETTER PRIME], ′ [U 2032 PRIME], ᾿ [U 1FBF GREEK PSILI], and ᾽ [U 1FBD GREEK KORONIS]
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Translingual
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]The ASCII apostrophe may be used for all language-specific forms listed below:
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Punctuation mark
[edit]’
- Used as a quotation mark in some languages.
- (informal) A substitute for the letter ⟨ʼ⟩ for glottal stop and ejective consonants in the orthographies of various languages of America, Africa, and the Pacific.
- (informal, in transliterated Arabic and Hebrew text) A substitute for ⟨ʼ⟩ for hamza.
- (informal, in transliterated Cyrillic text) A substitute for the modifying diacritic ⟨ʹ⟩ used to transliterate the soft sign ⟨ь⟩ and palatalized consonants.
- (international standards) transliteration of Sanskrit avagraha ऽ (or equivalents)
See also
[edit]- apostrophe ( ' ) ( ’ )
- curly brackets or braces (US) ( { } )
- square brackets or brackets (US) ( [ ] )
- colon ( : )
- comma ( , )
- dashes ( ‒ ) ( – ) ( — ) ( ― )
- ellipsis ( … )
- exclamation mark ( ! )
- fraction slash ( ⁄ )
- guillemets ( « » ) ( ‹ › )
- hyphen ( - ) ( ‐ )
- interpunct ( · )
- interrobang (rare) ( ‽ )
- brackets or parentheses (US, Canada) ( ( ) )
- full stop or period (US, Canada) ( . )
- question mark ( ? )
- quotation marks (formal) ( ‘ ’ ‚ ) ( “ ” „ )
- quotation marks (informal, computing) ( " ) ( ' )
- semicolon ( ; )
- slash or stroke (UK) ( / )
- space ( ] [ )
- Afrikaans: “ ”, ‘ ’, „ ”, ‚ ’
- Albanian: „ “, ‘ ’
- Arabic: « », ( ), “ ”
- Armenian: « »
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: « », “ ”
- Azerbaijani: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, " ", ‘ ’, ' '
- Basque: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, ‘ ’
- Belarusian: « », “ ”
- Bulgarian: „ “, ’ ’, ‘ ’, « », ’ ’, ‘ ’, —
- Catalan: « », “ ”, ‘ ’
- Chinese: “ ”, ‘ ’, 「 」, 『 』
- Czech: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Danish: » «, „ “, › ‹, ‚ ’, ” ”, ’ ’
- Dutch: ‘ ’, “ ”, ‚ ’, „ ”
- English U.K.: ' ', " ", ‘ ’, “ ”
- English U.S.: " ", ' ', “ ”, ‘ ’
- Esperanto: “ ”, ‘ ’, —
- Estonian: „ “, « »
- Filipino: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Finnish: ” ”, ’ ’, » »
- French: « », ‹ ›, “ ”, —
- Georgian: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- German: „ “, ‚ ‘ ; » «, › ‹ ; regional: « », ‹ ›
- Greek: « », “ ”, —
- Hungarian: „ ”, » «, —
- Icelandic: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Indonesian: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Interlingua: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Irish: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Italian: « », ‹ ›, ‟ ”, ‛ ’
- Japanese: 「 」, 『 』, 〝 〟, 〝 〞
- Korean: “ ”, ‘ ’, 『 』, 「 」
- Latvian: « », „ “
- Lithuanian: « », „ “
- Lower Sorbian: „ “, ‚ ‘
- Macedonian: „ “, ’ ‘
- Northern Kurdish: « »
- Norwegian: « », „ “, ‘ ’, ‚ ‘
- Persian: « »
- Polish: „ ”, « », » «, —
- Portuguese: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », —
- Romanian: „ ”, « », —
- Russian: « », „ “, „ ”, —
- Serbo-Croatian: „ ”, ” ”, ‘ ’, ’ ’, „ “, » «
- Slovak: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Slovene: „ “, ‚ ‘, » «, › ‹
- Spanish: « », “ ”, ‘ ’, —
- Swedish: ” ”, ’ ’, » », » «, —
- Thai: “ ”, ‘ ’
- Turkish: “ ”, ‘ ’, « », › ‹, —
- Ukrainian: « », „ ”, ‚ ‘
- Vietnamese: “ ”, —
- Welsh: ‘ ’, “ ”
quotation marks - all matched-pairs
- Curved double quotation marks: “ ”, ” ”, „ ”, „ “, ‟ ”
- Curved single quotation marks: ‘ ’, ’ ’, ‚ ’, ‚ ‘, ’ ‘, ‛ ’
- Straight double quotation marks: " "
- Straight single quotation marks: ' '
- Guillemets: « », » «, » »
- Single guillemets: ‹ ›, › ‹
- Corner brackets: 「 」, 『 』
- Prime quotation marks: 〝 〟, 〝 〞
quotation marks and quotation dashes - all single characters
- Curved double quotation marks: “, ”, „, ‟
- Curved single quotation marks and apostrophes: ‘, ’, ‚, ‛
- Straight double quotation mark: "
- Straight single quotation mark and apostrophe: '
- Prime quotation marks: 〝, 〞, 〟
- Guillemets: «, »
- Single guillemets: ‹, ›
- Corner brackets: 「, 」, 『, 』
- Quotation dashes: — (em dash), ― (horizontal bar), – (en dash)
Further reading
[edit]English
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
Usage notes
[edit]- When indicating a possessive (see -') and omission of letters, this symbol is called an apostrophe.
Armenian
[edit]Punctuation mark
[edit]’
- Armenian apostrophe, ապաթարց (apatʻarcʻ)
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
- ’ի տուն ― ’i tun ― to home
- In literary Western Armenian, replaces reduced vowels, especially in the case of the particles կը (kə), մը (mə), չի (čʻi).
- կ’ըսէ ― k’əsē ― says
- չ’երթար ― čʻ’ertʻar ― doesn't go
- In transliterating European proper nouns with apostrophes, such as names with the particles d’, O', transliterates the apostrophe.
- Ժաննա դ’Արկ ― Žanna d’Ark ― Joan of Arc
- In Old Armenian placed before the preposition ի (i) to differentiate it from words starting with the letter ի.
Usage notes
[edit]- According to the Unicode Standard, U 055A ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE has the same shape and function as the Latin apostrophe at U 2019 RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK, which is preferred.[1]
See also
[edit]- (The Armenian script): Աա Բբ Գգ Դդ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Ծծ Կկ Հհ Ձձ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Ոո Չչ Պպ Ջջ Ռռ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Ցց Ււ Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ
- (Letter combinations): ու և ﬔ ﬕ ﬓ ﬗ ﬖ
- (Dialectological): ՠ / ա̈ ա̊ ա̄ ը̂ է̀ էօ / օ̈ էօ̀ / օ̈̀ իւ / ո̈ւ գյ կյ քյ հյ բՙ դՙ գՙ ձՙ ջՙ ղՙ ֈ ʔ
- (Punctuation): ՙ ՚ ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ՟ ․ ։ ֊
- (Symbols): ֏ ֎ ֍
References
[edit]Belarusian
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- Indicating the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.
Finnish
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- Alternative spelling of ’
Usage notes
[edit]See the usage notes under the entry.
German
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- Indicating the omission of letters.
- In case of enclitic pronouns: wenn es → wenn’s, gibt es → gibt’s
- (sometimes proscribed) In case of merging of prepositions and articles: auf dem → auf’m
- In case of omission of e in the present indicative: ich gehe → ich geh’, wir/sie gehen → wir/sie geh’n
- (sometimes proscribed) In case of the omission of e in the imperative singular: gehe du → geh’ du
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the imperative plural: gehet ihr → geh’t ihr
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the past participle: entdecket → entdeck’t, bezeuget → bezeug’t
- (archaic) In case of the omission of e in the genitive case: Gottes → Gott’s, Königes → König’s
Usage notes
[edit]- In many cases where letters are omitted, there are also spellings without an apostrophes (e.g. wenns, aufm, gehn, geh, geht, entdeckt).
Macedonian
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- A symbol placed before a syllabic р (r) at the beginning of a word: ’рт, ’рѓа, ’рбет, ’рмба etc.
- A symbol used to denote the schwa sound in some dialectal words: к’смет.
See also
[edit]Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Letter
[edit]’
- A symbol in the Armeno-Turkish script used to spell words containing ع and ء in the Perso-Arabic script. Represents glottal stop: [ʔ]. Transliterated as '.
Usage notes
[edit]This was often unpronounced, and is not written in Modern Turkish anymore. For example, Ottoman ساعت, սա’աթ (saʼat) is Modern Turkish saat.
See also
[edit]- (The Armeno-Turkish script): Աա Գգ Եե Զզ Էէ Ըը Թթ Ժժ Իի Լլ Խխ Կկ Հհ Ղղ Ճճ Մմ Յյ Նն Շշ Չչ Պպ Սս Վվ Տտ Րր Փփ Քք Օօ Ֆֆ ’
- (Primarily in Armenian words): Բբ Դդ Ծծ Ձձ Ջջ Ոո Ռռ Ցց Ււ
- (Letter combinations): էօ իւ ու նկ նղ
- (Punctuation): ՛ ՜ ՝ ՞ ․ ։ ֊
Ukrainian
[edit]Symbol
[edit]’
- Indicates the non-palatalization of the preceding consonant before a soft vowel.
- Represents the apostrophe in names transliterated from the Roman alphabet, for example Кот-д’Івуар (Côte d’Ivoire).
Categories:
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- Belarusian lemmas
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