ἀρά
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Arcadocypriot Greek καταρϝος (katarwos, “cursed”) suggests a preform Proto-Hellenic *arwā, which makes Attic -ᾱ hard to explain; -η would be expected after *w. Not cognate with Latin āra (“altar”). Possibly related to Hittite [Term?] (/aruwae-/, “to bow”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.rǎː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈra/
Noun
[edit]ἀ̆ρά̄ • (ará̄) f (genitive ἀ̆ρᾶς); first declension
- prayer, invocation
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 15.378:
- Ὣς ἔφατ’ εὐχόμενος, μέγα δ’ ἔκτυπε μητίετα Ζεύς, ἀράων ἀΐων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος.
- Hṑs éphat’ eukhómenos, méga d’ éktupe mētíeta Zeús, aráōn aḯōn Nēlēïádao gérontos.
- 1925 translation by A. T. Murray
- So spake he in prayer, and Zeus the counsellor thundered aloud, hearing the prayer[s] of the aged son of Neleus
- Ὣς ἔφατ’ εὐχόμενος, μέγα δ’ ἔκτυπε μητίετα Ζεύς, ἀράων ἀΐων Νηληϊάδαο γέροντος.
- imprecation, curse, malediction
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ἀ̆ρᾱ́ hē arā́ |
τὼ ἀ̆ρᾱ́ tṑ arā́ |
αἱ ἀ̆ραί hai araí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ἀ̆ρᾶς tês arâs |
τοῖν ἀ̆ραῖν toîn araîn |
τῶν ἀ̆ρῶν tôn arôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ἀ̆ρᾷ têi arâi |
τοῖν ἀ̆ραῖν toîn araîn |
ταῖς ἀ̆ραῖς taîs araîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ἀ̆ρᾱ́ν tḕn arā́n |
τὼ ἀ̆ρᾱ́ tṑ arā́ |
τᾱ̀ς ἀ̆ρᾱ́ς tā̀s arā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἀ̆ρᾱ́ arā́ |
ἀ̆ρᾱ́ arā́ |
ἀ̆ραί araí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Further reading
[edit]- ἀρά in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀρά in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἀρά”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀρά”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G685 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ban idem, page 60.
- curse idem, page 191.
- execration idem, page 290.
- imprecation idem, page 423.
- interdict idem, page 449.
- prayer idem, page 632.
- supplication idem, page 840.
- swearing idem, page 847.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
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- grc:Religion