দুঃখ

See also: দেখা and দুখ

Bengali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit দুঃখ (duḥkha), a Prakritism from earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-, “bad”) स्था (sthā, “to stand”). Cognate with Assamese দুখ (dukh), Odia ଦୁଃଖ (duḥkha), Hindustani دکھ / दुःख (duḥkh), Nepali दुःख (duḥkh), Gujarati દુઃખ (duḥkha), English dukkha. Doublet of দুখ (dukh).

Pronunciation

• (Rarh) IPA^(key): /d̪ukʰːo/, [ˈd̪ukʰːoˑ], /d̪uhkʰo/, [ˈd̪uhkʰoˑ]

  Audio:

  (file)

• (Dhaka) IPA^(key): /d̪ukʰːo/, [ˈd̪ukʰːoˑ], /d̪uhkʰo/, [ˈd̪uhkʰoˑ]

  Audio:

  (file)

Noun

দুঃখ • (dukkho)

1. sorrow, grief, pain, regret

   দুঃখ করা ― dukkho kora ― to regret, grieve, suffer pain, be in distress

   দুঃখ দেওয়া ― dukkho deōẇa ― to cause regret, to grieve, to afflict, pain, distress

   দুঃখে পড়া ― dukkhe poṛa ― to run into trouble, to encounter distress

2. pain, inflammation

Declension

Inflection of দুঃখ
nominative	দুঃখ dukkhô
objective	দুঃখ / দুঃখকে dukkho (semantically general or indefinite) / dukkhoke (semantically definite)
genitive	দুঃখের dukkher
locative	দুঃখে dukkhe
	Indefinite forms
nominative	দুঃখ dukkhô
objective	দুঃখ / দুঃখকে dukkho (semantically general or indefinite) / dukkhoke (semantically definite)
genitive	দুঃখের dukkher
locative	দুঃখে dukkhe
	Definite forms
	singular		plural
nominative	দুঃখটি, দুঃখটা dukkhôṭi, dukkhôṭa		দুঃখগুলি, দুঃখগুলা, দুঃখগুলো dukkhoguli, dukkhogula, dukkhogulō
objective	দুঃখটি, দুঃখটা dukkhôṭi, dukkhôṭa		দুঃখগুলি, দুঃখগুলা, দুঃখগুলো dukkhoguli, dukkhogula, dukkhogulō
genitive	দুঃখটির, দুঃখটার dukkhoṭir, dukkhoṭar		দুঃখগুলির, দুঃখগুলার, দুঃখগুলোর dukkhogulir, dukkhogular, dukkhogulōr
locative	দুঃখটিতে, দুঃখটাতে, দুঃখটায় dukkhoṭite, dukkhoṭate, dukkhoṭaẏ		দুঃখগুলিতে, দুঃখগুলাতে, দুঃখগুলায়, দুঃখগুলোতে dukkhogulite, dukkhogulate, dukkhogulaẏ, dukkhogulōte
Objective Note: In some dialects -রে (-re) marks this case instead of -কে (-ke).

Derived terms

• দুঃখকর (dukkhokor)
• দুঃখজনক (dukkhojonok)
• দুঃখদ (dukkhod)
• দুঃখদায়ক (dukkhodaẏok)
• দুঃখদায়ী (dukkhodaẏi)
• দুঃখদারিদ্র (dukkhodaridro)
• দুঃখপ্রদ (dukkhoprod)
• দুঃখবাদ (dukkhobad)
• দুঃখবাদী (dukkhobadi)
• দুঃখভাগী (dukkhobhagi)
• দুঃখভোগ (dukkhobhōg)
• দুঃখময় (dukkhomoẏ)
• দুঃখমোচন (dukkhomōcon)
• দুঃখসহিষ্ণু (dukkhośohiśnu)
• দুঃখসাগর (dukkhośagor)
• দুঃখহর (dukkhohor)
• দুঃখহারী (dukkhohari)

 

References

• Subhasha Bhattacarya, Sailendra Biswas, Sailendra Biswas, and Jnanendramohana Dasa (2022) “দুঃখ”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Bengali Dictionaries]
• Accessible Dictionary, Bengali-English, দুঃখ, Government of Bangladesh