रुग्ण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɾʊɡ.ɳᵊ/

Adjective

रुग्ण • (rugṇa) (indeclinable)

1. (rare, formal) diseased, sick, infirm

Related terms

• रुग्णालय (rugṇālay)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “रुग्ण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “रुग्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit रुग्ण (rugṇa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuɡ.ɳə/
• Hyphenation: रुग्‧ण, रु‧ग्ण
• Rhymes: -ə

Noun

रुग्ण • (rugṇa) m or f

1. patient

Declension

Declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	रुग्ण rugṇa
direct plural	रुग्ण rugṇa
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	रुग्ण rugṇa		रुग्ण rugṇa
oblique सामान्यरूप	रुग्णा rugṇā		रुग्णां- rugṇān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	रुग्णाला rugṇālā		रुग्णांना rugṇānnā
ergative	रुग्णाने, रुग्णानं rugṇāne, rugṇāna		रुग्णांनी rugṇānnī
instrumental	रुग्णाशी rugṇāśī		रुग्णांशी rugṇānśī
locative सप्तमी	रुग्णात rugṇāt		रुग्णांत rugṇāt
vocative संबोधन	रुग्णा rugṇā		रुग्णांनो rugṇānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of रुग्ण (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	रुग्णाचा rugṇāċā	रुग्णाचे rugṇāċe	रुग्णाची rugṇācī	रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā	रुग्णाचे, रुग्णाचं rugṇāċe, rugṇāċa	रुग्णाची rugṇācī	रुग्णाच्या rugṇācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	रुग्णांचा rugṇānċā	रुग्णांचे rugṇānċe	रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī	रुग्णांच्या rugṇāncā	रुग्णांचे, रुग्णांचं rugṇānċe, rugṇānċa	रुग्णांची rugṇāñcī	रुग्णांच्या rugṇāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• रुग्णवाहिका (rugṇavāhikā, “ambulance”)
• रुग्णालय (rugṇālay, “hospital”)

 

References

• Berntsen Date, Molesworth, Tulpule/Feldhaus Vaze (2022) “रुग्ण”, in Digital Dictionaries of South Asia [Combined Marathi Dictionaries]

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৰুগ্ণ (Assamese script)
• ᬭᬸᬕ᭄ᬡ (Balinese script)
• রুগ্ণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰨𑰲𑰐𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀭𑀼𑀕𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ရုဂ္ဏ (Burmese script)
• રુગ્ણ (Gujarati script)
• ਰੁਗ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌰𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦫꦸꦒ꧀ꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂳𑂏𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ರುಗ್ಣ (Kannada script)
• រុគ្ណ (Khmer script)
• ຣຸຄ຺ຓ (Lao script)
• രുഗ്ണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡠᡤᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘨𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠤᠺᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧈𑧔𑦰𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐬𑐸𑐐𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
• ରୁଗ୍ଣ (Odia script)
• ꢬꢸꢔ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆫𑆶𑆓𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖨𑖲𑖐𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
• රුග‍්ණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩼𑩒𑩞 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚤𑚰𑚌𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
• ருக்³ண (Tamil script)
• రుగ్ణ (Telugu script)
• รุคฺณ (Thai script)
• རུ་གྞ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒩𑒳𑒑𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨃𑨍𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lug-nó-s. Related to Latin luxus, Ancient Greek λοξός (loxós), Lithuanian lugnas and Old Norse lykna. Also related to रोग (roga) and रुजति (rujati).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾuɡ.ɳɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɾuɡ.ɳɐ/

Adjective

रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem

1. broken, bent, shattered, injured, checked
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
2. diseased, sick, infirm

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुग्णः rugṇáḥ	रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rugṇaú / rugṇā́¹	रुग्णाः / रुग्णासः¹ rugṇā́ḥ / rugṇā́saḥ¹
Vocative	रुग्ण rúgṇa	रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇau / rúgṇā¹	रुग्णाः / रुग्णासः¹ rúgṇāḥ / rúgṇāsaḥ¹
Accusative	रुग्णम् rugṇám	रुग्णौ / रुग्णा¹ rugṇaú / rugṇā́¹	रुग्णान् rugṇā́n
Instrumental	रुग्णेन rugṇéna	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुग्णात् rugṇā́t	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुग्णस्य rugṇásya	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām
Locative	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of रुग्णा (rugṇā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुग्णा rugṇā́	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णाः rugṇā́ḥ
Vocative	रुग्णे rúgṇe	रुग्णे rúgṇe	रुग्णाः rúgṇāḥ
Accusative	रुग्णाम् rugṇā́m	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णाः rugṇā́ḥ
Instrumental	रुग्णया / रुग्णा¹ rugṇáyā / rugṇā́¹	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णाभिः rugṇā́bhiḥ
Dative	रुग्णायै rugṇā́yai	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णाभ्यः rugṇā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	रुग्णायाः / रुग्णायै² rugṇā́yāḥ / rugṇā́yai²	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णाभ्यः rugṇā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	रुग्णायाः / रुग्णायै² rugṇā́yāḥ / rugṇā́yai²	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām
Locative	रुग्णायाम् rugṇā́yām	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णासु rugṇā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुग्णम् rugṇám	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹
Vocative	रुग्ण rúgṇa	रुग्णे rúgṇe	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇāni / rúgṇā¹
Accusative	रुग्णम् rugṇám	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹
Instrumental	रुग्णेन rugṇéna	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुग्णात् rugṇā́t	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुग्णस्य rugṇásya	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām
Locative	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

रुग्ण • (rugṇá) stem, n

1. a cleft, fissure
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.31.6:

     विदद्यदी सरमा रुग्णम्अद्रेर्महि पाथः पूर्व्यं सध्र्यक्कः ।
     अग्रं नयत्सुपद्यक्षराणामच्छा रवं प्रथमा जानती गात् ॥

     vidadyadī saramā rugṇamadrermahi pāthaḥ pūrvyaṃ sadhryakkaḥ.
     agraṃ nayatsupadyakṣarāṇāmacchā ravaṃ prathamā jānatī gāt.

     When Saramā had found the mountain's fissure, that vast and ancient place she plundered thoroughly.
     In the floods' van she led them forth, light-footed: she who well knew came first unto their lowing.

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of रुग्ण (rugṇá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	रुग्णम् rugṇám	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹
Vocative	रुग्ण rúgṇa	रुग्णे rúgṇe	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rúgṇāni / rúgṇā¹
Accusative	रुग्णम् rugṇám	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णानि / रुग्णा¹ rugṇā́ni / rugṇā́¹
Instrumental	रुग्णेन rugṇéna	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णैः / रुग्णेभिः¹ rugṇaíḥ / rugṇébhiḥ¹
Dative	रुग्णाय rugṇā́ya	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Ablative	रुग्णात् rugṇā́t	रुग्णाभ्याम् rugṇā́bhyām	रुग्णेभ्यः rugṇébhyaḥ
Genitive	रुग्णस्य rugṇásya	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णानाम् rugṇā́nām
Locative	रुग्णे rugṇé	रुग्णयोः rugṇáyoḥ	रुग्णेषु rugṇéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Derived terms

• Pali: lugga
• → Hindi: रुग्ण (rugṇa) (learned)
• → Marathi: रुग्ण (rugṇa) (learned)

  Devanagari script: रुग्ण

  Modi script: 𑘨𑘳𑘐𑘿𑘜

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “रुग्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 882.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “रुग्ण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “rugṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press