کمان

See also: كمان

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (kmʾn' /⁠kamān⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *kamān (“arc, vault, bow”), related to Proto-Iranian *kamp- (“to bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂em- (“to curve, bend”). Compare Northern Luri کںمۆ (kəmø).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ka.ˈmɑːn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.mɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.mɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰä.mɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰä.mɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰʲæ.mɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰä.mɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading?	kamān
Dari reading?	kamān
Iranian reading?	kamân
Tajik reading?	kamon

Noun

Dari	کمان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	камон

کَمان • (kamân) (plural کمان‌ها (kamân-hâ))

1. bow
   • c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The tale of Suhrāb”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[1]:

     به تیر و کمان و به گرز و کمند
     بیفگند بر دشت نخچیر چند

     ba tīr u kamān u ba gurz u kamand
     biyafgand bar dašt naxčīr čand

     With arrow and bow, with mace and lasso,
     He cast down a few prey on the plain.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

2. arch
3. arc

Derived terms

• رنگین‌کمان (rangin-kamân)
• کماندار (kamândâr)
• کمانه (kamâne)
• کمانچه (kamânče)
• کمانگیر (kamângir)

Descendants

• → Gujarati: કમાન (kamān)
• → Middle Armenian: քաման (kʻaman)
• → Ottoman Turkish: كمان (keman)
  • Turkish: keman
  • → Albanian: qemane
  • → Armenian: քեման (kʻeman)
  • → Northern Kurdish: keman
  • → Romanian: cheman
• → Hindi: कमान (kamān)
• → Urdu: کمان (kamān)

References

• Edelʹman, D. I. (2011) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 192

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian کمان (kamān).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /kə.mɑːn/

Noun

کَمان • (kamān) f (Hindi spelling कमान)

1. bow
2. arch
3. arc