خلاف
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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Root |
---|
خ ل ف (ḵ l f) |
13 terms |
Noun
[edit]خِلَاف • (ḵilāf) m (plural خِلَافَات (ḵilāfāt))
- verbal noun of خَالَفَ (ḵālafa) (form III)
- controversy, disagreement, dispute
- Antonym: وِفَاق (wifāq)
- something else, other than, aside from, except
- Synonym: غَيْر (ḡayr)
- a. 1400, “حكاية الحمال مع البنات [The Porter and the Three Ladies]”, in ألف ليلة وليلة [One Thousand and One Nights]:
- ثُمَّ وَقَفَتْ عَلَى ٱلْعَطَّارِ وَٱشْتَرَتْ مِنْهُ عَشَرَةَ مِيَاهٍ مَاءَ وَرْدٍ وَمَاءَ زَهْرٍ وَخِلَافِهِ
- ṯumma waqafat ʕalā l-ʕaṭṭāri waštarat minhu ʕašarata miyāhin māʔa wardin wamāʔa zahrin waḵilāfihi
- Then he halted at the perfumer and bought from him ten liquids, rose-water, blossom-water and others.
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خِلَاف (ḵilāf)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خِلَاف ḵilāf |
الْخِلَاف al-ḵilāf |
خِلَاف ḵilāf |
Nominative | خِلَافٌ ḵilāfun |
الْخِلَافُ al-ḵilāfu |
خِلَافُ ḵilāfu |
Accusative | خِلَافًا ḵilāfan |
الْخِلَافَ al-ḵilāfa |
خِلَافَ ḵilāfa |
Genitive | خِلَافٍ ḵilāfin |
الْخِلَافِ al-ḵilāfi |
خِلَافِ ḵilāfi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خِلَافَيْن ḵilāfayn |
الْخِلَافَيْن al-ḵilāfayn |
خِلَافَيْ ḵilāfay |
Nominative | خِلَافَانِ ḵilāfāni |
الْخِلَافَانِ al-ḵilāfāni |
خِلَافَا ḵilāfā |
Accusative | خِلَافَيْنِ ḵilāfayni |
الْخِلَافَيْنِ al-ḵilāfayni |
خِلَافَيْ ḵilāfay |
Genitive | خِلَافَيْنِ ḵilāfayni |
الْخِلَافَيْنِ al-ḵilāfayni |
خِلَافَيْ ḵilāfay |
Plural | sound feminine plural | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خِلَافَات ḵilāfāt |
الْخِلَافَات al-ḵilāfāt |
خِلَافَات ḵilāfāt |
Nominative | خِلَافَاتٌ ḵilāfātun |
الْخِلَافَاتُ al-ḵilāfātu |
خِلَافَاتُ ḵilāfātu |
Accusative | خِلَافَاتٍ ḵilāfātin |
الْخِلَافَاتِ al-ḵilāfāti |
خِلَافَاتِ ḵilāfāti |
Genitive | خِلَافَاتٍ ḵilāfātin |
الْخِلَافَاتِ al-ḵilāfāti |
خِلَافَاتِ ḵilāfāti |
Derived terms
[edit]- خِلَافِيّ (ḵilāfiyy)
- مِنْ خِلَافٍ (min ḵilāfin)
- خِلَافًا لِـ (ḵilāfan li-)
Descendants
[edit]- → Azerbaijani: xilaf
- → Ottoman Turkish: خلاف (hilaf)
- → Persian: خِلَاف (xelâf)
- → Uyghur: خىلاپ (xilap)
- → Uzbek: xilof
Preposition
[edit]خِلَافَ • (ḵilāfa)
Inflection
[edit]Inflected forms | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Base form | خِلَافَ (ḵilāfa) | ||||
Personal-pronoun- including forms |
Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Masculine | Feminine | Common | Masculine | Feminine | |
First person | خِلَافِي (ḵilāfī) | خِلَافَنَا (ḵilāfanā) | |||
Second person | خِلَافَكَ (ḵilāfaka) | خِلَافَكِ (ḵilāfaki) | خِلَافَكُمَا (ḵilāfakumā) | خِلَافَكُمْ (ḵilāfakum) | خِلَافَكُنَّ (ḵilāfakunna) |
Third person | خِلَافَهُ (ḵilāfahu) | خِلَافَهَا (ḵilāfahā) | خِلَافَهُمَا (ḵilāfahumā) | خِلَافَهُمْ (ḵilāfahum) | خِلَافَهُنَّ (ḵilāfahunna) |
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Aramaic חִילָּפָא / ܗܶܠܴܦܴܐ (ḥəllāp̄ā, “willow”), from Akkadian 𒄑𒁍 (/ḫilēpu/, “willow”).
Noun
[edit]- willow (Salix spp.)
- 1025, ابن سينا (Avicenna), القانون في الطب [Canon Medicinae], Rome: Stamperia Orientale Medicea, published 1593, Liber 2, page 273:
- خِلاف.
الماهية: معروف وقد يخرج لورقه - إذا شدخ - صمغ قوي.
الأفعال والخواص: ثمرته وورقه قابض بلا لذع وله تجفيف كاف ورماده شديد التجفيف وإذا تضمد به رطباً حبس نزف الدم وقد يشدخ ورقه فيخرج له صمغ شديد ملطف.
الزينة: رمادد يقلع الثآليل طلاء بالخل.
الجراح والقروح: ضماد للجراحات الواقعة في العظام وخصوصاً ثمرته وورقه ورماده يزيل النملة إذا طلبت به بالخلّ.
أعضاء الرأس: فقاحة وماؤه مسكن للصداع وعصير ورقه لا شيء أبلغ منه في قلاع المدة التي تسيل من الأذن.
أعضاء العين: توضع ثمرته وماؤه على ضربة الحدقة وصمغه نافع جداً للبصر الضعيف.
أعضاء الغذاء: ماؤه نافع من سدد الكبد ومن اليرقان.
أعضاء النفض: ثمرته نافعة لأصحاب اختلاف الدم.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Sābūr ibn Sahl to this entry?)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Ibn Wāfid to this entry?)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Abū al-Ḵayr al-ʾIšbīliyy to this entry?)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب to this entry?)
- oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia and other species)
- Synonym: زَيْزَفُون (zayzafūn)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun خِلَاف (ḵilāf)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خِلَاف ḵilāf |
الْخِلَاف al-ḵilāf |
خِلَاف ḵilāf |
Nominative | خِلَافٌ ḵilāfun |
الْخِلَافُ al-ḵilāfu |
خِلَافُ ḵilāfu |
Accusative | خِلَافًا ḵilāfan |
الْخِلَافَ al-ḵilāfa |
خِلَافَ ḵilāfa |
Genitive | خِلَافٍ ḵilāfin |
الْخِلَافِ al-ḵilāfi |
خِلَافِ ḵilāfi |
Descendants
[edit]- → French: chalef
References
[edit]- “ḥlp3”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen[1] (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 167
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خِلَاف (ḵilāf).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xi.ˈlɑːf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xe.lɒ́ːf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χi.lɔ́f]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xilāf |
Dari reading? | xilāf |
Iranian reading? | xelâf |
Tajik reading? | xilof |
Noun
[edit]Dari | خِلَاف |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хилоф |
خِلَاف • (xelâf)
- misdeed, misconduct; minor offense
- being contrary; opposition, contradiction, disagreement
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 341:
- سر پنهان است اندر صد غلاف / ظاهرش با تست و باطن بر خلاف
- serr penhân ast andar sad ğelâf / zâher-aš bâ to-st o bâten bar xelâf
- The secret is concealed in a hundred coverings: its outward form is [in agreement] with thee, [but] the inward [reality] is [in] disagreement.
Adjective
[edit]خِلَاف • (xelâf)
Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خِلَاف (ḵilāf).
Adjective
[edit]خلاف • (xilāf) (Gurmukhi spelling ਖ਼ਿਲਾਫ਼)
Derived terms
[edit]- دے خلاف (de xilāf)
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic خِلَاف (ḵilāf).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪ.lɑːf/
Adjective
[edit]خلاف • (xilāf) (Hindi spelling ख़िलाफ़)
Derived terms
[edit]- کے خلاف (ke xilāf)
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root خ ل ف
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic verbal nouns
- Arabic terms with quotations
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with sound feminine plural
- Arabic prepositions
- Arabic terms borrowed from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Aramaic
- Arabic terms derived from Akkadian
- Arabic obsolete terms
- Requests for quotations/Sābūr ibn Sahl
- Requests for quotations/Ibn Wāfid
- Requests for quotations/Abū al-Ḵayr al-ʾIšbīliyy
- Requests for quotations/كتاب عمدة الطبيب في معرفة النبات لكل لبيب
- ar:Willows and poplars
- ar:Rosales order plants
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from the Arabic root خ ل ف
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Persian terms with quotations
- Persian adjectives
- Punjabi terms borrowed from Arabic
- Punjabi terms derived from Arabic
- Punjabi lemmas
- Punjabi adjectives
- Punjabi adjectives in Shahmukhi script
- Urdu terms borrowed from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu adjectives