топ

See also: Appendix:Variations of "top"

Bulgarian

Топове (оръдие) край Паметника на Свободата на вр. Шипка

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɔp]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top, “ball, clump”).

Noun

топ • (top) m (diminutive то́пче)

1. (originally) cannonball, bullet (round projectile)

   Synonym: гюле́ (gjulé)

   → (by methonymic generalization) cannon

   хвърлям топа (idiom) ― hvǎrljam topa ― to kick the bucket (literally, “to shoot the cannonball”)

2. bundle, roll, pellet, round clump

   топ харти́я ― top hartíja ― bundle of paper

   топ плат ― top plat ― roll of fabric

   топ тесто́ ― top testó ― pellet of dough

Usage notes

In the modern language, the two meanings of the word are often interpreted as separate lemmas, but etymologically they share the same origin.

Declension

Declension of топ

	singular	plural
indefinite	топ top	то́пове tópove
definite (subject form)	то́път tópǎt	то́повете tópovete
definite (object form)	то́па tópa
count form	—	то́па tópa

Derived terms

• то́пам (tópam, “to bounce a ball”)
• то́пка (tópka, “ball”)
• топчи́я (topčíja, “artilleryman”)
• топхана́ (tophaná, “arsenal, armory warehouse”) (historical, obsolete)

Related terms

• топу́з (topúz, “cudgel, mace”) (historical, dialectal)

References

• “топ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “топ”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov, Тодор Панчев (1904) “*топъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 5, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 347
• Krǎsteva, Vesela (2003) “топ”, in Тълковен речник на турцизмите в българския език [Explanatory Dictionary of Turkisms in the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Skorpio vi, page 200

Etymology 2

Calque of Persian رخ (rox, “battle tower”).

Noun

топ • (top) m

1. (chess) rook

   Synonym: тур (tur)

See also

Chess pieces in Bulgarian · шахматни фигури (šahmatni figuri) (layout · text)
цар (car)	царица (carica)	топ (top)	офицер (oficer)	кон (kon)	пешка (peška)

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English top.

Adjective

топ • (top) (indeclinable)

1. top, excellent, superb

   топ диви́зия ― top divízija ― highest division

   топ секре́тен ― top sekréten ― top secret

Derived terms

• тип-топ (tip-top, “tip-top”)

Anagrams

• пот (pot), топ- (top-)

Chechen

Etymology

From Turkic, compare Azerbaijani top.

Noun

топ • (top)

1. gun
2. rifle

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	توپ
Cyrillic	топ
Latin	top

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [top]

Noun

топ • (top)

1. team, group, cluster

Declension

declension of топ

	singular (жекеше)	plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік)	топ (top)	топтар (toptar)
genitive (ілік септік)	топтың (toptyñ)	топтардың (toptardyñ)
dative (барыс септік)	топқа (topqa)	топтарға (toptarğa)
accusative (табыс септік)	топты (topty)	топтарды (toptardy)
locative (жатыс септік)	топта (topta)	топтарда (toptarda)
ablative (шығыс септік)	топтан (toptan)	топтардан (toptardan)
instrumental (көмектес септік)	топпен (toppen)	топтармен (toptarmen)

Synonyms

• (group): жиын (jiyn), лек (lek), сап (sap), тобыр (tobyr), топыр (topyr), шоғыр (şoğyr)

Derived terms

• топтау (toptau)
• топтама (toptama), топтамалау (toptamalau)
• топты (topty)
• топтық (toptyq)
• топшы (topşy)

Kyrgyz

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [top]

Noun

топ • (top) (Arabic spelling توپ)

1. ball
2. group, team, cluster

Declension

Declension of топ

	singular (жекелик)	plural (көптөгөн)
nominative (атооч)	топ top	топтор toptor
genitive (илик)	топтун toptun	топтордун toptordun
dative (барыш)	топко topko	топторго toptorgo
accusative (табыш)	топту toptu	топторду toptordu
locative (жатыш)	топто topto	топтордо toptordo
ablative (чыгыш)	топтон topton	топтордон toptordon
	possessive forms
	first-person singular (менин)
nominative	топум topum	топторум toptorum
genitive	топумдун topumdun	топторумдун toptorumdun
dative	топума topuma	топторума toptoruma
accusative	топумду topumdu	топторумду toptorumdu
locative	топумда topumda	топторумда toptorumda
ablative	топумдан topumdan	топторумдан toptorumdan
	second-person singular informal (сенин)
nominative	топуң topuŋ	топторуң toptoruŋ
genitive	топуңдун topuŋdun	топторуңдун toptoruŋdun
dative	топуңа topuŋa	топторуңа toptoruŋa
accusative	топуңду topuŋdu	топторуңду toptoruŋdu
locative	топуңда topuŋda	топторуңда toptoruŋda
ablative	топуңдан topuŋdan	топторуңдан toptoruŋdan
	second-person singular formal (сиздин)
nominative	топуңуз topuŋuz	топторуңуз toptoruŋuz
genitive	топуңуздун topuŋuzdun	топторуңуздун toptoruŋuzdun
dative	топуңузга topuŋuzga	топторуңузга toptoruŋuzga
accusative	топуңузду topuŋuzdu	топторуңузду toptoruŋuzdu
locative	топуңузда topuŋuzda	топторуңузда toptoruŋuzda
ablative	топуңуздан topuŋuzdan	топторуңуздан toptoruŋuzdan

Derived terms

• топтоо (toptoo)
• топтомо (toptomo)
• топтуу (toptuu)
• топтук (toptuk)
• топчу (topcu)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɔp]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔp

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

Noun

топ • (top) m (relational adjective топовски)

1. cannon

Declension

Declension of топ

	singular	plural
indefinite	топ	топови
definite unspecified	топот	топовите
definite proximal	топов	топовиве
definite distal	топон	топовине
vocative	топу	топови
count form	—	топа

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English top.

Adjective

топ • (top) (indeclinable, not comparable)

1. topnotch, great, awesome

Adverb

топ • (top) (not comparable)

1. in a topnotch, great, awesome way

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [top]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch top, English top, or Low German Topp.

Noun

топ • (top) m inan (genitive то́па, nominative plural то́пы, genitive plural то́пов, diminutive то́пик)

1. top (of the mast)
2. cheese, note (pressed mass of tobacco in tobacco cutting machine)

Declension

Declension of топ (inan masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	то́п tóp	то́пы tópy
genitive	то́па tópa	то́пов tópov
dative	то́пу tópu	то́пам tópam
accusative	то́п tóp	то́пы tópy
instrumental	то́пом tópom	то́пами tópami
prepositional	то́пе tópe	то́пах tópax

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

топ • (top)

1. stamp (sound of stamping when walking)

Serbo-Croatian

то̏п

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tôp/

Noun

то̏п m (Latin spelling tȍp)

1. cannon
2. (chess) rook

Declension

Declension of топ

	singular	plural
nominative	топ	топови
genitive	топа	топова
dative	топу	топовима
accusative	топ	топове
vocative	топе	топови
locative	топу	топовима
instrumental	топом	топовима

See also

Chess pieces in Serbo-Croatian · šahovske figure / шаховске фигуре (layout · text)
kralj краљ	dama, kraljica дама, краљица	top, kula топ, кула	lovac, trkač, laufer ловац, тркач, лауфер	skakač, konj скакач, коњ	pješak, pešak, pion, pijun пјешак, пешак, пион, пијун

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *top.

Noun

топ • (top)

1. (archaic) round thing

Derived terms

• тобук (tobuk), томук (tomuk)

References

• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 489