гяур

See also: ѓаур

Bulgarian

Alternative forms

• гяу́рин (gjaúrin)

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Classical Persian گاوُر (gāwur).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʲɐˈur]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

гяу́р • (gjaúr) m (feminine гяу́рка)

1. (religious slur) giaour, kafir

Declension

Declension of гяу́р

	singular	plural
indefinite	гяу́р gjaúr	гяу́ри gjaúri
definite (subject form)	гяу́рът gjaúrǎt	гяу́рите gjaúrite
definite (object form)	гяу́ра gjaúra
vocative form	гяу́ре gjaúre	гяу́ри gjaúri

References

• “гяур”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гяур”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Persian گاور (gâvor).

Replaced earlier (attested since 15th century) гаур (gaur) in 18th century, possibly under influence of Western European languages.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʲɪˈur]
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲaˈur]

Noun

гяу́р • (gjaúr) m anim (genitive гяу́ра, nominative plural гяу́ры, genitive plural гяу́ров)

1. (religious slur) giaour (infidel)

   Synonyms: ка́фи́р (káfír), кя́фи́р (kjáfír); неве́рный (nevérnyj)

Declension

Declension of гяу́р (anim masc-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	гяу́р gjaúr	гяу́ры gjaúry
genitive	гяу́ра gjaúra	гяу́ров gjaúrov
dative	гяу́ру gjaúru	гяу́рам gjaúram
accusative	гяу́ра gjaúra	гяу́ров gjaúrov
instrumental	гяу́ром gjaúrom	гяу́рами gjaúrami
prepositional	гяу́ре gjaúre	гяу́рах gjaúrax

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гяур”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Ukrainian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish كاور (gâvur), from Persian گاور (gâvor).

Replaced Old Ruthenian кгауръ (gaur), гауръ (haur) in 18th century, possibly under influence of Western European languages.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦʲɐˈur]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

гяу́р • (hjaúr) m pers (genitive гяу́ра, nominative plural гяу́ри, genitive plural гяу́рів)

1. (religious slur) giaour (infidel)

Declension

Declension of гяу́р (pers hard masc-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	гяу́р hjaúr	гяу́ри hjaúry
genitive	гяу́ра hjaúra	гяу́рів hjaúriv
dative	гяу́рові, гяу́ру hjaúrovi, hjaúru	гяу́рам hjaúram
accusative	гяу́ра hjaúra	гяу́рів hjaúriv
instrumental	гяу́ром hjaúrom	гяу́рами hjaúramy
locative	гяу́рові, гяу́рі hjaúrovi, hjaúri	гяу́рах hjaúrax
vocative	гяу́ре hjaúre	гяу́ри hjaúry

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “гяур”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “гяур”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN