без

See also: беҙ and без-

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• (in pre-tonal positions) бяз (bjaz), бязь (bjazʹ) — Taraškievica orthography

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez(ъ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲes]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation: без

Preposition

без • (bjez) [with genitive]

1. without

References

• “без”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
• “без” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic безъ (bezŭ), from Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without (not having)

Anagrams

• без- (bez-)

Karachay-Balkar

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

Kazakh

Alternative scripts
Arabic	بەز
Cyrillic	без
Latin	bez
Yañalif	ʙez

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic.

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

   ұйқы безі

   ūiqy bezı

   pancreas

Declension

declension of без

	singular (жекеше)	plural (көпше)
nominative (атау септік)	без (bez)	бездер (bezder)
genitive (ілік септік)	бездің (bezdıñ)	бездердің (bezderdıñ)
dative (барыс септік)	безге (bezge)	бездерге (bezderge)
accusative (табыс септік)	безді (bezdı)	бездерді (bezderdı)
locative (жатыс септік)	безде (bezde)	бездерде (bezderde)
ablative (шығыс септік)	безден (bezden)	бездерден (bezderden)
instrumental (көмектес септік)	безбен (bezben)	бездермен (bezdermen)

Kyrgyz

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

Noun

без • (bez) (Arabic spelling بەز)

1. gland

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: бес (bes)

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without

Nogai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *beŕ.

Noun

без • (bez)

1. gland

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “без”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms

• бес (bes)
• беꙁ (bez)
• беꙁь (bezĭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez.

Preposition

без • (bez)

1. without
   • from СЛОВО НѢКОЕГО КАЛОУГЕРА О ЧЬТЕНИИ КЪНИГЪ:

     Не съставитъ бо сѧ корабль без гвоздии ни правьдьникъ бес почитаниꙗ кънижьнааго.

     Ne sŭstavitŭ bo sę korablĭ bez gvozdii ni pravĭdĭnikŭ bes počitanija kŭnižĭnaago.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• Бояджиев, Андрей (2016) Старобългарска читанка‎^[1], София

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Inherited from Old Slovak bez, from Proto-Slavic *bez.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛs]
• Rhymes: -ɛs
• Hyphenation: без
• Homophone: без- (bez-)

Preposition

без (bez)

1. without [with genitive]

   Synonym: (colloquial) през (prez)

   Antonyms: з (z), зоз (zoz)

   без конца ― bez konca ― without end

Derived terms

prefixes

• без- (bez-)

 

Further reading

• Medʹeši, H., Fejsa, M., Timko-Djitko, O. (2010) “без”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M., Šlemender, M., Čelʹovski, S. (2022) “without”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 379

Russian

Alternative forms

• безъ (bez) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez (“without”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

Cognate with Lithuanian bè (“without; besides”), Latvian bez (“without”), Old Prussian bhe (“without”), Sanskrit बहिस् (bahís, “outside”), Persian بی (bi, “without”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bʲɪs] (before voiceless consonants)
• IPA^(key): [bʲɪz] (before voiced consonants and vowels)
• IPA^(key): [ˈbʲes] (when stressed before voiceless consonants)
• IPA^(key): [ˈbʲez] (when stressed before voiced consonants and vowels)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophone: бес (bes) (only when stressed)
• Note: без is stressed only in rare cases, e.g., бéз вести, бéз году неделя, бéз толку.

Preposition

без • (bez) [with genitive or partitive]

1. without, aside from, except, minus, free of/from (signifying absence)

   без воды́ ― bez vodý ― without water

   бе́зо всего́ ― bézo vsevó ― without anything

   не без интере́са ― ne bez interésa ― not without interest

   без сомне́ния ― bez somnénija ― without doubt

   Не могу́ жить без тебя́ ― Ne mogú žitʹ bez tebjá ― I can't live without you.

2. minus, less

   без че́тверти час ― bez čétverti čas ― a quarter to one (literally, “one hour less one quarter”)

Usage notes

безо (bezo) is used before consonant clusters caused by fleeting vowels (лёд ― ljod ― ice, бе́зо льда ― bézo lʹda ― without ice).

Related terms

• без- (bez-)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “без”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bez(ъ)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 7

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bez. Compare без- and бес-.

Alternative forms

• брез, пре̏з, preza (regional)

Preposition

бѐз (Latin spelling bèz) ( genitive case)

1. without, excluding, not counting

   без сумње ― without a doubt

   остати без нечега ― to lose something, to run out of something, (literally: to stay without something)

   без обзира на.. ― regardless of.., no matter what..is

   без краја и конца ― endlessly, without end

   не без разлога ― not without a reason

   без срца ― heartlessly, without a heart

   без р(иј)ечи ― without a word, speechless

   бити без нечега ― to be lacking in, to be deficient in, to lack (literally: to be without something)

Related terms

• без-, бес-

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بز (bez), from Arabic بَزّ (bazz). Akin to безистан, безли, бесофра and беспара.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bêz/

Noun

бе̏з m (Latin spelling bȅz)

1. linen, canvas
2. (specifically) a type of cotton-made linen or canvas used in Oriental costumes, of several possible forms: ћереће, седелук, kafez or кафез-без, мелез, харир, шејтанбез and харирбез.

Declension

Declension of без

	singular
nominative	без
genitive	беза
dative	безу
accusative	без
vocative	безу
locative	безу
instrumental	безом

References

• “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• “без”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024
• Škaljić, Abdulah (1966) Turcizmi u srpskohrvatskom jeziku, Sarajevo: Svjetlost, page 140

Udi

Determiner

без • (bez)

1. Alternative form of бези (bezi)

Further reading

• Gukasjan, Vorošil (1974) “без”, in Удинско-азербайджанско-русский словарь [Udi–Azerbaijani–Russian Dictionary]‎^[2], Baku: Academy Press, page 77

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *bez, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeǵʰs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛz]

• Audio:

  (file)

Preposition

без • (bez) ( genitive case)

1. without (not having)

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “без”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka