τρίζω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From the same imitative Indo-European root as Latin stridō (“to screech, grate”) and Russian стрекота́ть (strekotátʹ, “to chirr, rattle”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tríz.dɔː/ → /ˈtri.zo/ → /ˈtri.zo/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tríz.dɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.zo/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.zo/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.zo/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈtri.zo/

Verb

τρίζω • (trízō)

1. to scream, cry
2. to crack (of a joint)
3. to gnash (teeth)
4. to twang (the string of a musical instrument)

Conjugation

   Present: τρῐ́ζω, τρῐ́ζομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τρῐ́ζω	τρῐ́ζεις	τρῐ́ζει	τρῐ́ζετον	τρῐ́ζετον	τρῐ́ζομεν	τρῐ́ζετε	τρῐ́ζουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	τρῐ́ζω	τρῐ́ζῃς	τρῐ́ζῃ	τρῐ́ζητον	τρῐ́ζητον	τρῐ́ζωμεν	τρῐ́ζητε	τρῐ́ζωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρῐ́ζοιμῐ	τρῐ́ζοις	τρῐ́ζοι	τρῐ́ζοιτον	τρῐζοίτην	τρῐ́ζοιμεν	τρῐ́ζοιτε	τρῐ́ζοιεν
	imperative		τρῐ́ζε	τρῐζέτω	τρῐ́ζετον	τρῐζέτων		τρῐ́ζετε	τρῐζόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	τρῐ́ζομαι	τρῐ́ζῃ, τρῐ́ζει	τρῐ́ζεται	τρῐ́ζεσθον	τρῐ́ζεσθον	τρῐζόμεθᾰ	τρῐ́ζεσθε	τρῐ́ζονται
	subjunctive	τρῐ́ζωμαι	τρῐ́ζῃ	τρῐ́ζηται	τρῐ́ζησθον	τρῐ́ζησθον	τρῐζώμεθᾰ	τρῐ́ζησθε	τρῐ́ζωνται
	optative	τρῐζοίμην	τρῐ́ζοιο	τρῐ́ζοιτο	τρῐ́ζοισθον	τρῐζοίσθην	τρῐζοίμεθᾰ	τρῐ́ζοισθε	τρῐ́ζοιντο
	imperative		τρῐ́ζου	τρῐζέσθω	τρῐ́ζεσθον	τρῐζέσθων		τρῐ́ζεσθε	τρῐζέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		τρῐ́ζειν				τρῐ́ζεσθαι
participle	m	τρῐ́ζων				τρῐζόμενος
	f	τρῐ́ζουσᾰ				τρῐζομένη
	n	τρῐ́ζον				τρῐζόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔτρῐζον, ἐτρῐζόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔτρῐζον	ἔτρῐζες	ἔτρῐζε(ν)	ἐτρῐ́ζετον	ἐτρῐζέτην	ἐτρῐ́ζομεν	ἐτρῐ́ζετε	ἔτρῐζον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐτρῐζόμην	ἐτρῐ́ζου	ἐτρῐ́ζετο	ἐτρῐ́ζεσθον	ἐτρῐζέσθην	ἐτρῐζόμεθᾰ	ἐτρῐ́ζεσθε	ἐτρῐ́ζοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: τρῐ́σω, τρῐ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τρῐ́σω	τρῐ́σεις	τρῐ́σει	τρῐ́σετον	τρῐ́σετον	τρῐ́σομεν	τρῐ́σετε	τρῐ́σουσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρῐ́σοιμῐ	τρῐ́σοις	τρῐ́σοι	τρῐ́σοιτον	τρῐσοίτην	τρῐ́σοιμεν	τρῐ́σοιτε	τρῐ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	τρῐ́σομαι	τρῐ́σῃ, τρῐ́σει	τρῐ́σεται	τρῐ́σεσθον	τρῐ́σεσθον	τρῐσόμεθᾰ	τρῐ́σεσθε	τρῐ́σονται
	optative	τρῐσοίμην	τρῐ́σοιο	τρῐ́σοιτο	τρῐ́σοισθον	τρῐσοίσθην	τρῐσοίμεθᾰ	τρῐ́σοισθε	τρῐ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		τρῐ́σειν			τρῐ́σεσθαι
participle	m	τρῐ́σων			τρῐσόμενος
	f	τρῐ́σουσᾰ			τρῐσομένη
	n	τρῐ́σον			τρῐσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: τρῐ́ξω, τρῐ́ξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τρῐ́ξω	τρῐ́ξεις	τρῐ́ξει	τρῐ́ξετον	τρῐ́ξετον	τρῐ́ξομεν	τρῐ́ξετε	τρῐ́ξουσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρῐ́ξοιμῐ	τρῐ́ξοις	τρῐ́ξοι	τρῐ́ξοιτον	τρῐξοίτην	τρῐ́ξοιμεν	τρῐ́ξοιτε	τρῐ́ξοιεν
middle	indicative	τρῐ́ξομαι	τρῐ́ξῃ, τρῐ́ξει	τρῐ́ξεται	τρῐ́ξεσθον	τρῐ́ξεσθον	τρῐξόμεθᾰ	τρῐ́ξεσθε	τρῐ́ξονται
	optative	τρῐξοίμην	τρῐ́ξοιο	τρῐ́ξοιτο	τρῐ́ξοισθον	τρῐξοίσθην	τρῐξοίμεθᾰ	τρῐ́ξοισθε	τρῐ́ξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		τρῐ́ξειν			τρῐ́ξεσθαι
participle	m	τρῐ́ξων			τρῐξόμενος
	f	τρῐ́ξουσᾰ			τρῐξομένη
	n	τρῐ́ξον			τρῐξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔτρῑσᾰ, ἐτρῑσᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔτρῑσᾰ	ἔτρῑσᾰς	ἔτρῑσε(ν)	ἐτρῑ́σᾰτον	ἐτρῑσᾰ́την	ἐτρῑ́σᾰμεν	ἐτρῑ́σᾰτε	ἔτρῑσᾰν
	subjunctive	τρῑ́σω	τρῑ́σῃς	τρῑ́σῃ	τρῑ́σητον	τρῑ́σητον	τρῑ́σωμεν	τρῑ́σητε	τρῑ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τρῑ́σαιμῐ	τρῑ́σειᾰς, τρῑ́σαις	τρῑ́σειε(ν), τρῑ́σαι	τρῑ́σαιτον	τρῑσαίτην	τρῑ́σαιμεν	τρῑ́σαιτε	τρῑ́σειᾰν, τρῑ́σαιεν
	imperative		τρῖσον	τρῑσᾰ́τω	τρῑ́σᾰτον	τρῑσᾰ́των		τρῑ́σᾰτε	τρῑσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐτρῑσᾰ́μην	ἐτρῑ́σω	ἐτρῑ́σᾰτο	ἐτρῑ́σᾰσθον	ἐτρῑσᾰ́σθην	ἐτρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐτρῑ́σᾰσθε	ἐτρῑ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	τρῑ́σωμαι	τρῑ́σῃ	τρῑ́σηται	τρῑ́σησθον	τρῑ́σησθον	τρῑσώμεθᾰ	τρῑ́σησθε	τρῑ́σωνται
	optative	τρῑσαίμην	τρῑ́σαιο	τρῑ́σαιτο	τρῑ́σαισθον	τρῑσαίσθην	τρῑσαίμεθᾰ	τρῑ́σαισθε	τρῑ́σαιντο
	imperative		τρῖσαι	τρῑσᾰ́σθω	τρῑ́σᾰσθον	τρῑσᾰ́σθων		τρῑ́σᾰσθε	τρῑσᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		τρῖσαι			τρῑ́σᾰσθαι
participle	m	τρῑ́σᾱς			τρῑσᾰ́μενος
	f	τρῑ́σᾱσᾰ			τρῑσᾰμένη
	n	τρῖσᾰν			τρῑσᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: τέτρῑγᾰ (often with present meaning)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τέτρῑγᾰ	τέτρῑγᾰς	τέτρῑγε(ν)	τετρῑ́γᾰτον	τετρῑ́γᾰτον	τετρῑ́γᾰμεν	τετρῑ́γᾰτε	τετρῑ́γᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	τετρῑ́γω	τετρῑ́γῃς	τετρῑ́γῃ	τετρῑ́γητον	τετρῑ́γητον	τετρῑ́γωμεν	τετρῑ́γητε	τετρῑ́γωσῐ(ν)
	optative	τετρῑ́γοιμῐ, τετρῑγοίην	τετρῑ́γοις, τετρῑγοίης	τετρῑ́γοι, τετρῑγοίη	τετρῑ́γοιτον	τετρῑγοίτην	τετρῑ́γοιμεν	τετρῑ́γοιτε	τετρῑ́γοιεν
	imperative		τέτρῑγε	τετρῑγέτω	τετρῑ́γετον	τετρῑγέτων		τετρῑ́γετε	τετρῑγόντων
		active
infinitive		τετρῑγέναι
participle	m	τετρῑγώς
	f	τετρῑγυῖᾰ
	n	τετρῑγός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: τετρῑ́γειν (often with imperfect meaning)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	τετρῑ́γειν, τετρῑ́γη	τετρῑ́γεις, τετρῑ́γης	τετρῑ́γει(ν)	τετρῑ́γετον	τετρῑγέτην	τετρῑ́γεμεν	τετρῑ́γετε	τετρῑ́γεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐτετρῑ́γειν (often with imperfect meaning)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐτετρῑ́γειν, ἐτετρῑ́γη	ἐτετρῑ́γεις, ἐτετρῑ́γης	ἐτετρῑ́γει(ν)	ἐτετρῑ́γετον	ἐτετρῑγέτην	ἐτετρῑ́γεμεν	ἐτετρῑ́γετε	ἐτετρῑ́γεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Quotations

• The Gospel of Mark 9:18:

  καὶ ὅπου ἂν αὐτὸν καταλάβῃ, ῥήσσει αὐτόν· καὶ ἀφρίζει, καὶ τρίζει τοὺς ὀδόντας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ξηραίνεται· καὶ εἶπον τοῖς μαθηταῖς σου ἵνα αὐτὸ ἐκβάλωσι, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσαν.

  kaì hópou àn autòn katalábēi, rhḗssei autón; kaì aphrízei, kaì trízei toùs odóntas autoû, kaì xēraínetai; kaì eîpon toîs mathētaîs sou hína autò ekbálōsi, kaì ouk ískhusan.

  • Translation by KJV

    And wheresoever he taketh him, he teareth him: and he foameth, and gnasheth with his teeth, and pineth away: and I spake to thy disciples that they should cast him out; and they could not.

Derived terms

• τρίγλη (tríglē)
• τριγμός (trigmós)
• τρισμός (trismós)

Descendants

• Greek: τρίζω (trízo)

Further reading

• “τρίζω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• τρίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• τρίζω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “τρίζω”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “τρίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• G5149 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τρίζω (trízō), from the same imitative Proto-Indo-European root as Latin strido (“I screech, grate”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtri.zo/
• Hyphenation: τρί‧ζω

Verb

τρίζω • (trízo) (past έτριξα, passive —)

1. to squeak, creak
2. to crack, collapse
3. to squeeze, grind

Conjugation

τρίζω   (active forms only plus passive perfect participle)

	Active voice ➤
Indicative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect ➤	Perfective aspect ➤
Non-past tenses ➤	Present ➤	Dependent ➤
1 sg	τρίζω	τρίξω
2 sg	τρίζεις	τρίξεις
3 sg	τρίζει	τρίξει
1 pl	τρίζουμε, [‑ομε]	τρίξουμε, [‑ομε]
2 pl	τρίζετε	τρίξετε
3 pl	τρίζουν(ε)	τρίξουν(ε)
Past tenses ➤	Imperfect ➤	Simple past ➤
1 sg	έτριζα	έτριξα
2 sg	έτριζες	έτριξες
3 sg	έτριζε	έτριξε
1 pl	τρίζαμε	τρίξαμε
2 pl	τρίζατε	τρίξατε
3 pl	έτριζαν, τρίζαν(ε)	έτριξαν, τρίξαν(ε)
Future tenses ➤	Continuous ➤	Simple ➤
1 sg	θα τρίζω ➤	θα τρίξω ➤
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl	θα τρίζεις, …	θα τρίξεις, …
	Perfect aspect ➤
Present perfect ➤	έχω, έχεις, … τρίξει
Past perfect ➤	είχα, είχες, … τρίξει
Future perfect ➤	θα έχω, θα έχεις, … τρίξει
Subjunctive mood ➤	Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας).
Imperative mood ➤	Imperfective aspect	Perfective aspect
2 sg	τρίζε	τρίξε, τρίχ' 1
2 pl	τρίζετε	τρίξτε, τρίχτε2
Other forms
Active present participle ➤	τρίζοντας ➤
Active perfect participle ➤	έχοντας τρίξει ➤
Passive perfect participle ➤	(τριγμένος, ‑η, ‑o)3 ➤
Nonfinite form ➤	τρίξει
Notes     Appendix:Greek verbs	1. Colloquial apocopic perfective imperative accusative of article & noun or weak pronouns e.g. τρίχ' το ("squeak it!")  2. Colloquial.  3. Especially in the expression: τριγμένα δόντια ("clenched teeth")  • (…) optional or informal.   […] rare.   {…} learned, archaic.  • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency.  • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive.

Derived terms

• τριγμένα δόντια (trigména dóntia)
• τρίζω τα δόντια (trízo ta dóntia)
• τρίζουν τα κόκαλα (trízoun ta kókala)

Related terms

• τριγμένος (trigménos, participle)
• τριγμός (trigmós)
• τριζάτος (trizátos)
• τριζοβολάω (trizovoláo), τριζοβολώ (trizovoló)
• τριζοκοπάω (trizokopáo), τριζοκοπώ (trizokopó)
• τριζόνι n (trizóni, “cricket”)