κύκλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Hellenic *kúklos, *kʷókʷlos, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlos (“circle, wheel”), albeit with unexplained change, as the expected form should be *τεπλος (*teplos). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀐𐀩𐀄 (ku-ke-re-u).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ký.klos/ → /ˈcy.klos/ → /ˈci.klos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ký.klos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈky.klos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcy.klos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈci.klos/

Noun

κῠ́κλος • (kúklos) m (genitive κῠ́κλου); second declension

1. circle, ring
2. Any circular object, such as a wheel
3. A crowd of people
4. marketplace
5. circular movement
6. sphere, globe

Declension

Second declension of ὁ κῠ́κλος; τοῦ κῠ́κλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κῠ́κλος ho kúklos	τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kúklō	οἱ κῠ́κλοι hoi kúkloi
Genitive	τοῦ κῠ́κλου toû kúklou	τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kúkloin	τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kúklōn
Dative	τῷ κῠ́κλῳ tôi kúklōi	τοῖν κῠ́κλοιν toîn kúkloin	τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kúklois
Accusative	τὸν κῠ́κλον tòn kúklon	τὼ κῠ́κλω tṑ kúklō	τοὺς κῠ́κλους toùs kúklous
Vocative	κῠ́κλε kúkle	κῠ́κλω kúklō	κῠ́κλοι kúkloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

There also exists an irregular plural

Second declension of τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ; τῶν κῠ́κλων (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tà kúkla
Genitive	τῶν κῠ́κλων tôn kúklōn
Dative	τοῖς κῠ́κλοις toîs kúklois
Accusative	τᾰ̀ κῠ́κλᾰ tà kúkla
Vocative	κῠ́κλᾰ kúkla
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἡμικύκλιος (hēmikúklios)
• παράκυκλος (parákuklos)
• τετρᾰ́κῠκλος (tetrákuklos)
• ὑπόκυκλος (hupókuklos)

 

Descendants

• Greek: κύκλος (kýklos)
• → Latin: cyclus
  • Catalan: cicle
  • Dutch: cyclus
  • French: cycle
  • Galician: ciclo
  • German: Zyklus
  • Italian: ciclo
  • Middle English: cicle
    • English: cycle
      • → Japanese: サイクル (saikuru)
  • Norwegian:

    Bokmål: syklus, sykkel

    Nynorsk: syklus, sykkel

  • Portuguese: ciclo
  • Romanian: ciclu
  • Sicilian: cìculu
  • Spanish: ciclo
  • Swedish: cykel
• English: Ku Klux

References

Further reading

• “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κύκλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κύκλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κύκλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κύκλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “κύκλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2945 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • arch idem, page 38.
  • area idem, page 39.
  • ball idem, page 60.
  • bow idem, page 91.
  • buckler idem, page 102.
  • circle idem, page 132.
  • circuit idem, page 132.
  • circumference idem, page 132.
  • compass idem, page 150.
  • cycle idem, page 193.
  • disc idem, page 228.
  • disk idem, page 234.
  • expanse idem, page 292.
  • eye idem, page 299.
  • globe idem, page 362.
  • hoop idem, page 405.
  • orb idem, page 578.
  • period idem, page 607.
  • precincts idem, page 634.
  • radius idem, page 668.
  • revolution idem, page 711.
  • ring idem, page 716.
  • round idem, page 722.
  • shield idem, page 765.
  • span idem, page 797.
  • sphere idem, page 801.
  • stretch idem, page 825.
  • tract idem, page 885.
  • vault idem, page 945.

Greek

Etymology

Inherited from Ancient Greek κύκλος (kúklos).

Noun

κύκλος • (kýklos) m (plural κύκλοι)

1. (geometry) circle
2. period, cycle
3. series, cycle
4. clique, coterie, circle, set (of people)
5. (sports) circuit, course, track
6. (education) course
7. (business) turnover

Declension

Declension of κύκλος

	singular	plural
nominative	κύκλος •	κύκλοι •
genitive	κύκλου •	κύκλων •
accusative	κύκλο •	κύκλους •
vocative	κύκλε •	κύκλοι •

Coordinate terms

• see: δακτύλιος m (daktýlios, “circle, ring”) for a list of other "rings" and "circles"

Derived terms

• γιγάκυκλος (gigákyklos, “gigacycle”)
• ημικύκλιο n (imikýklio, “semicircle”)
• φαύλος κύκλος m (fávlos kýklos, “vicious circle”)