βαλανεῖον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

βᾰλᾰνῖον (balanîon), βᾰλᾰνῆον (balanêon)

Etymology

Attempts have been made to connect with βάλανος (bálanos, “acorn”), but are semantically unconvincing. According to Beekes, considering the semantic category and lack of convincing Indo-European cognates, it is Pre-Greek,^[1] while Furnée compares Old Georgian აბანოჲ (abanoy, “bathroom”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ba.la.nêː.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ba.laˈni.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /βa.laˈni.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /va.laˈni.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /va.laˈni.on/

Noun

βᾰλᾰνεῖον • (balaneîon) n (genitive βᾰλᾰνείου); second declension

bath, bathing room
Synonym: λουτρόν (loutrón)
bathhouse

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον; τοῦ βᾰλᾰνείου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον tò balaneîon	τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω tṑ balaneíō	τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ tà balaneîa
Genitive	τοῦ βᾰλᾰνείου toû balaneíou	τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν toîn balaneíoin	τῶν βᾰλᾰνείων tôn balaneíōn
Dative	τῷ βᾰλᾰνείῳ tôi balaneíōi	τοῖν βᾰλᾰνείοιν toîn balaneíoin	τοῖς βᾰλᾰνείοις toîs balaneíois
Accusative	τὸ βᾰλᾰνεῖον tò balaneîon	τὼ βᾰλᾰνείω tṑ balaneíō	τᾰ̀ βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ tà balaneîa
Vocative	βᾰλᾰνεῖον balaneîon	βᾰλᾰνείω balaneíō	βᾰλᾰνεῖᾰ balaneîa
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

βᾰλᾰνειόμφᾰλος (balaneiómphalos)
βᾰλᾰνείτης (balaneítēs)
βᾰλᾰνεύς (balaneús)
βᾰλᾰνευτής (balaneutḗs)
βᾰλᾰνευτῐκός (balaneutikós)
βᾰλᾰνεύω (balaneúō)

Descendants

Latin: balneum, balineum, balneus, baneum (nonstandard)
- Italo-Romance:
  - Corsican: bagnu
  - Italian: bagno (see there for further descendants)
  - Sicilian: vagnu
- Padanian:
  - Friulian: bagn
  - Lombard: bagne
  - Romansch: bogn
  - Venetan: bagno
- Gallo-Romance:
  - Catalan: bany
  - Occitan: banh
  - Old French: bain
    - French: bain
    - Walloon: bagn
    - → Middle English: bain
      - English: bain
- Ibero-Romance:
  - Asturian: bañu
  - Old Galician-Portuguese: banno
    - Galician: baño
    - Portuguese: banho
  - Old Spanish: banno
    - Ladino: banyo
    - Spanish: baño
- Borrowings:
  - → Albanian: banjë
  - → Proto-Slavic: *baňa (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Armenian: բաղանիք (bałanikʻ), բաղանի (bałani) — singular form attested once
- Armenian: բաղնիք (baġnikʻ)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “βαλανεῖον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
^ Furnée, Edzard Johan (1979) Vorgriechisch-Kartvelisches: Studien zum ostmediterranen Substrat nebst einem Versuch zu einer neuen pelasgischen Theorie (in German), Editions Peeters, →ISBN, page 37