User:Jaredscribe/Weekly Learning Schedule for Natural Philosophy

In the beginning

First principle, an axiom is αχιωμα, considered worthy, held as self-evident.

Eloqim

Physical constants give us Laws of nature and immanent realism, the intuitive and correct assumption that unity exists in the diversity of experience: that a Universe exists and can be discovered. An Omnipresent reality and an unmoved mover, a basic premise of natural philosophy that enables humankind to acquire the virtue of science. It is this unique virtue which is our human nature "b'tzelem Eloqim", w:Imago dei. For more on this, see the sixth day.

Created the heavens and the earth

ex nihilo

form and matter

And the earth was Formless and Void: Chaos theory

further reading on the third day.

There was Darkness on the face of the deep

A Supermassive black hole is at the galactic center of the Milky way, named Sagittarius A*. Event horizon. Further reading on the fourth day.

And the Spirit of Eloqim

Foundational axioms of fluid dynamics are the conservation laws, specifically, conservation of mass, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of energy (also known as the First Law of Thermodynamics)

With fluid statics, comprises the discipline of Fluid mechanics.

A liquid evaporates into gas, which condenses and into liquid and distills. specific heat. 3 phases of matter

Hovered on the Water

Water chemistry: Hydrogen, Oxygen, solutions, PH, acidity

Atomic theory, Atomic orbital, valence shell, octet rule, Atomic orbitals to molecular orbitals,

periodic trends, the periodic table

Day One:  Let there be light

Big bang, big bang. Expansion of the universe proved by Einstein's field equations in 1922. Hubble–Lemaître law. Evidenced by redshift, a Relativistic Doppler effect. Comoving and proper distances, cosmic time

Light and Optics

refraction through a prism, and dispersion of light

focusing through a lens.

Wave-particle duality, photon

Lorentz equations

lightning

combustion, fire

Separation from Darkness

A quasar is an active galactic nucleus around a black hole. hawking radiation

Classical electromagnetism, Electromagnetic_radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum

Constitutive_equation#Electromagnetism

Maxwell's equations

Law of the Conservation of Energy

Symmetry and Invariance, Special Relativity

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, Schrodinger's cat

Prior Analytics

Arithmetic

Natural numbers are positive Integers, the discipline of Discrete mathematics, number theory. Fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Abelian Commutative group

Ideal Synthetic Geometry

s:Elements (Euclid), Euclid's Elements, w:Euclid's Elements, Geometry, wikibooks:Geometry,

Euclidean space, Euclidean group

Linear algebra

Linear algebra (wp)

linear transformations can be represented by matrices.

A Matrix can represent a system of linear equations

A basis of a vector is a linearly independent spanning set of the Vector space

The Determinant of a matrix is the area of the parallelogram created by its linear transformation from the standard basis

A Vector Space is module over a field. w:vector addition makes it an w:abelian group under addition, and w:scalar multiplication defines a w:ring homomorphism from the field F into the w:endomorphism ring of this group.

Isometry group, Galiean group, Poincare group, four-dimensional space, Minkowski space

Day Two:  Waters Below and Waters Above

Fluid dynamics, Constitutive_equation#Deformation_of_fluids

The Hydrological cycle is a biogeochemical cycle that drives the movements of water through phase changes and processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, sublimation, infiltration, surface runoff, and subsurface flow.

Oceanography

Oceanic carbon cycle, Carbon, Organic Chemistry

Marine nitrogen cycle, Nitrogen

Phytoplankton, Biological carbon fixation

Prokaryotic Cyanobacteria

Eukaryotic Algae, Microalgae, diatoms, giant kelp

photosynthesis, photon, quantum mechanics, physical chemistry

Atmospheric science

Atmospheric carbon cycle

hydraulics

Math Analysis and Calculus

That algebra of the real number line [sic] can be employed to yield results about the linear continuum of geometry, although obvious, was formalized by the Cantor–Dedekind axiom.

Mathematical Analysis provides the rigorous proofs of Calculus, pioneered by Euler's Introductio in analysin infinitorum, the prototype of textbooks

Continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions.

Day Three:  Sea and Dry Land, grassy herbs, trees bearing fruit and seed

Condensed matter State of matter - Four fundamental states

Continuum mechanics deals with deformable bodies, as opposed to rigid bodies.

differential equations that describe the behavior of such matter according to physical laws, such as mass conservation, momentum conservation, and energy conservation. Information about the specific material is expressed in constitutive relationships.

Periodic trends

Constitutive_equation#Transport_phenomena

Constitutive equation of transport phenomena

Constitutive_equation#Mechanical_properties_of_matter

Geology

Geophysics and hydrostatics in study of Plate tectonics, Plates are relatively mechanically rigid and float across the ductile asthenosphere beneath. Lateral density variations in the mantle result in mantle convection currents, the slow creeping motion of Earth's solid mantle, by thermal conduction and convection. World ocean of Earth's Crust and Lithosphere. Theories of elasticity, plasticity.

Oceanic crust (also called sima from silicon and magnesium) and continental crust (sial from silicon and aluminium). The composition of the two types of crust differs markedly, with mafic basaltic rocks dominating oceanic crust, while continental crust consists principally of lower-density felsic granitic rocks.

Cascadia subduction zone at the North-eastern side of the Pacific plate is a divergent boundary with the Explorer Plate, the Juan de Fuca Plate and the Gorda Plate forming respectively the Explorer Ridge, the Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Gorda Ridge, intersecting with the the San Andreas Fault system at the Mendocino Triple Junction. South, a transform boundary with the North American Plate. Continental drift, Seafloor spreading. Subduction zone. Cascade Volcanic arc, Seattle Fault.

Great Rift Valley formed from the East African Rift where the African Plate is in the process of splitting into two tectonic plates called the Somali Plate and the Nubian Plate, at a rate of 6–7 mm (0.24–0.28 in) per year.

Arabian Plate left lateral fault boundary with the African Plate called the Dead Sea Transform (DST), and a divergent boundary with the African Plate called the Red Sea Rift

Carbon-Silicate cycle: long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by metamorphism and volcanism

Oceanic plates composed of mostly Basalt.

Redox, Oxide#Metal_oxides formed by corrosion

Lands: Continents, Islands, countries

Botany

Plant physiology and Plant anatomy#Structural divisions.

herbaceous plants are defined as a small, seed-bearing plant (spermaophyte) without a woody stem in which all aerial parts (i.e. above ground) die back to the ground at the end of each growing season. Usually the term refers to perennial plants, but can also be annual plants, or biennial plants.

Gymnosperms have non-encased ovules in contrasts with the seeds and ovules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary.

Grasses (poaceae) are large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants (angiosperms) that includes the cereal grasses, bamboos, and the grasses of natural grassland, 780 genera and 12,000 species.

Angiosperms are distinguished from gymnosperms, by having flowers, xylem consisting of vessel elements instead of tracheids, endosperm within their seeds, and fruits that completely envelop the seeds.

Grasses have stems are hollow except at the nodes and narrow alternate leaves borne in two ranks. The lower part of each leaf encloses the stem, forming a leaf-sheath. The leaf grows from the base of the blade, an adaptation allowing it to cope with frequent grazing. Leaves are nearly always alternate and distichous (in one plane), and have parallel veins, each differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem and a blade with entire (i.e., smooth) margins. The leaf blades of many grasses are hardened with silica phytoliths, which discourage grazing animals. A membranous appendage or fringe of hairs called the ligule lies at the junction between sheath and blade, preventing water or insects from penetrating into the sheath. Flowers of Poaceae are characteristically arranged in spikelets, each having one or more florets. The spikelets are further grouped into panicles or spikes. The part of the spikelet that bears the florets is called the rachilla. A spikelet consists of two (or sometimes fewer) bracts at the base, called glumes, followed by one or more florets. A floret consists of the flower surrounded by two bracts, one external—the lemma—and one internal—the palea. The flowers are usually hermaphroditic—maize being an important exception—and mainly anemophilous or wind-pollinated, although insects occasionally play a role. The perianth is reduced to two scales, called lodicules, that expand and contract to spread the lemma and palea; these are generally interpreted to be modified sepals. The fruit of grasses is a caryopsis, in which the seed coat is fused to the fruit wall. A tiller is a leafy shoot other than the first shoot produced from the seed.

Dicotyledons have two cotyledons, which are the embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first to appear from a germinating seed.

Terrestrial biological carbon cycle

Biochemistry: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism.

4 classes of Biomolecule: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Molecular biology: The central dogma of molecular biology: "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein"

Fruit trees, deciduous trees, coniferous trees,

Analytic Geometry

is descriptive and uses a coordinate system, unlike synthetic geometry which is axiomatic and constructive.

Cartography, Orienteering, Surveying

Barycentric_coordinate_system#Conversion_between_barycentric_and_Cartesian_coordinates

Day Four:  Sun, Moon, and Stars as signs for times, seasons, hours, days, and years

Astronomy and planetary science

The law of universal gravitation and the Law of the Conservation of Angular momentum derive from

Newton’s laws of motion stated in the Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica

1. Every object perseveres in its state of rest, or of uniform motion in a right line (inertia), except insofar as it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed thereon.
2. The change of motion (momentum) of an object is proportional to the force impressed; and is made in the direction of the straight line in which the force is impressed. (acceleration)
3. To every action, there is always opposed an equal reaction; or, the mutual actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal, and directed to contrary parts. (Reaction (physics), conservation of momentum)

General Scholium to the principia declares Hypotheses non fingo, and argues theologically for the oneness and unity of God.

Lorentz equations, General Relativity, Relativity: The Special and General Theory (1931)

Fine tuning and magic numbers in cosmology

Nuclear fusion of Hydrogen into Helium through the proton-proton chain is an example of Nuclear transmutation, main reaction of Stellar nucleosynthesis in Main sequence stars, such as our Sun and other yellow dwarfs, produces energy according to E=mc2 Hertzsprung–Russell_diagram. These Period 1 elements obey the duet rule in a quantum mechanical description of atomic structure, this period corresponds to the filling of the 1s orbital. Hypothesized by Arthur Eddington in 192x, proven in ___

Plasma

hydrostatic equilibrium between thermal expansion pressure and gravitational collapse

electrostatic repulsion (Coulomb's law)

Topics (Aristotle)

s:Topics

Differential Geometry and Differential Equations

A Manifold is a topological space like a circle or sphere that can be covered by charts to form an atlas, wherein the individual charts approximate real Euclidean space closely enough for calculus and vector algebra to be done.

The differential geometry of smooth manifolds, uses the techniques of differential calculus, integral calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra to study of spherical geometry, the geodesy of the Earth, and later astronomy. he simplest examples of smooth spaces are the plane and space curves and surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space

Day Five:  Fish, Birds, and Reptiles

History of Animals, Parts of Animals (Zoology), Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, Phylogenetics, Homologous structures, Analogous structures - structures similar in different organisms because, in convergent evolution they evolved in a similar environment

Evolutionary biology, Aristotelian physics, the theory of Intelligent design, criticisms thereof, Edward Feser: Aristotle's revenge.

Taxonomy is the study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.

Organisms are grouped into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a more inclusive group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.

Cladistics is an approach in which organisms are categorized in clades based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.

Aquatic life

Portal:Marine life

marine animals

Communication_in_aquatic_animals

Filter feeders

condense biomass and remove excess nutrient pollution (such as nitrogen and phosphate), are therefore considered water-cleaning ecosystem engineers. They are also important in bioaccumulation and, as a result, as indicator organisms. can be sessile, planktonic, nektonic or even neustonic.

niches they occupy. Extant species that rely on such method of feeding encompass numerous phyla, including poriferans (sponges), cnidarians (jellyfish, sea pens and corals), arthropods (krill, mysids and barnacles), molluscs (bivalves, such as clams, scallops and oysters), echinoderms (sea lilies)

Phylum Arthropod

Crusteaceans and hexapods form Pancrustacea, a clade of arthropods.

Phylum cordata

Are deuterostomic animals which possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five distinctive physical characteristics (synapomorphies) that distinguish them: a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, an endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. The name "chordate" comes from the first of these synapomorphies, the notochord, which plays a significant role in chordate body plan structuring and movements. Chordates are also bilaterally symmetric, have a coelom, possess a closed circulatory system, and exhibit metameric segmentation.

Ichthyology

Fish is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits. Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians. Most fish are cold-blooded, their body temperature varying with the surrounding water, though some large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Many fish can communicate acoustically with each other, such as during courtship displays.

Diversity of fish, List of fish

Ornithology

the study of birds

with an amniotic membrane.

Birds, Aves are a class of warm-blooded vertebrates characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.

Avian brain

List of birds

Herpetology

Dinosaurs, Fossil

Reptiles are a class (lt) of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development. Living reptiles comprise four orders: Testudines (turtles), Crocodilia (crocodilians), Squamata (lizards and snakes), and Rhynchocephalia (the tuatara). As of May 2023, about 12,000 living species of reptiles are listed in the Reptile Database. Unlike amphibians, reptiles do not have an aquatic larval stage. Most reptiles are oviparous, although several species of squamates are viviparous, as were some extinct aquatic clades.

Brain#Reptiles: The hindbrain coordinates and integrates sensory and motor inputs and outputs responsible for, but not limited to, walking, swimming, or flying. It contains input and output axons interconnecting the spinal cord, midbrain and forebrain transmitting information from the external and internal environments. The midbrain links sensory, motor, and integrative components received from the hindbrain, connecting it to the forebrain. The tectum, which includes the optic tectum and torus semicircularis, receives auditory, visual, and somatosensory inputs, forming integrated maps of the sensory and visual space around the animal. The tegmentum receives incoming sensory information and forwards motor responses to and from the forebrain. The isthmus connects the hindbrain with midbrain. The forebrain region is particularly well developed, is further divided into diencephalon and telencephalon.

Diencephalon is related to regulation of eye and body movement in response to visual stimuli, sensory information, circadian rhythms, olfactory input, and autonomic nervous system. The telencephalon is related to control of movements, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators responsible for integrating inputs and transmitting outputs are present, sensory systems, and cognitive functions.

List of reptiles

Amphibians are a class of semiaquatic, ectothermic animals that undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval form with gills to an air-breathing adult form with cutaneous respiration or lungs, or both. Like fish, they are anamniotic, but they become four-limbed vertebrate animals like reptiles. Their life cycle typically starts out as aquatic larvae with gills known as tadpoles, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. They generally undergo metamorphosis from an aquatic larval form with gills to an air-breathing adult form with lungs. Amphibians cutaneous respiration, their skin as a secondary respiratory interface, and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on it. All extant (living) amphibians belong to the monophyletic subclass Lissamphibia, with three living orders: Anura (frogs and toads), Urodela (salamanders), and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Amphibians have adapted to inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living in freshwater, wetland or terrestrial ecosystems (such as riparian woodland, fossorial and even arboreal habitats)

List of amphibians

Insects

Class Insecta are hexapod invertebrates, the largest class within the arthropod phylum, having a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and a pair of antennae. The insect nervous system consists of a insect brain and a ventral nerve cord. Most insects reproduce by laying eggs. Insects breathe air through a system of paired openings called spiracles along their sides, connected to small tracheal tubes that take air directly to the tissues. The blood therefore does not carry oxygen; it is only partly contained in vessels, and some circulates in an open hemocoel. Insect vision is mainly through their compound eyes, with additional small ocelli. Many insects can hear, using tympanal organs, which may be on the legs or other parts of the body. The Insect sense of smell is via receptors, usually on the antennae and the mouthparts.

List of insects

Taxonomy

w:Taxonomy, Cladistics

Graph Theory

As a discipline began with the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg, investigated by Leonard Euler. That problem and the polyhedron formula were the first theorems of Topology

Al-Gevurah

Homological_algebra study of homological functors. algebraic topology) and abstract algebra (theory of modules and syzygies) chain complexes can be studied through their homology and cohomology. HA affords the means to extract information contained in these complexes and present it in the form of homological invariants of rings, modules, topological spaces, and other "tangible" mathematical objects. A spectral sequence.

Day Six:  Mammals and Homo Sapiens

Mammals

Differentiated by mammary glands for feeding their young, a neocortex region of the brain, three middle ear bones which respond to higher sound frequencies, and fur or hair. Three sub-classes: placental mammals, marsupials, and monotremes.

Breasts, breastfeeding, Comparative Physiology, Transcendental anatomy, Ethology, Social animals, Middle ear in mammals

Ungulates are a clade of large mammals with hooves: Order perissodactyla is odd-toed and order artiodactyla are even-toed.

List of mammal genera, Handbook of the Mammals of the World, Mammal classification

Order of primates includes monkeys, apes, and hominids: Human body, Outline of human anatomy

Homo Sapien

A species of primate uniquely differentiated by b'tzelem eloqim or Imago dei: a Human brain with a large prefrontal cortex on their frontal lobe, enabling theoretical reason (science), moral practical reason, and productive reason (art), making them cultivators of the ground, and pastoralists and domesticators of other animals, and apex predators.

Humanities

List of human cell types

Ethics and Politics

Anthropology, Ethics, Nicomachean Ethics,

Sociology, Politics, Dialectic, Rhetoric, Sophistic Refutations,

Family, Sex and Gender, and Home economics

History of Human civilizations

User:Jaredscribe/Comparative law

Nuclear fission

Set Theory

Wikibooks:Set Theory, w:set theory, v:Set Theory

naive set theory. After the discovery of paradoxes within naive set theory (such as Russell's paradox, Cantor's paradox and the Burali-Forti paradox), various axiomatic systems were proposed in the early twentieth century, of which Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (with or without the axiom of choice)

A concrete category is a category that is equipped with a faithful functor to the category of sets.

Day Seven:   Perfection, Blessing, Sanctification, Rest

Torah Law

Weekly Torah portion

Prophets

s:he:מקרא

Philosophy

Metaphysics

Causality, four causes, Bayesian inference, the causal revolution, Deprecated:Statistics, Probability

Hermeneutics, Dream interpretation

Ontology, Category Theory

s:Categories (Aristotle), essence and accident

Category Theory, Category