User:Atcovi/PCTB study guide

Summer 2023

Test 1 [PT #1]

Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/810738161/ptcb-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=8c09be73-70f0-4b2a-92f2-ae3c6cfebf93

PO - by mouth
NPO - nothing by mouth
Eszopiclone, generic name: Lunesta - medication for insomnia
Medicare Part D is a federal government program that subsidizes the costs of prescription drugs and drug insurance premiums for Medicare Recipients. This program was authorized by the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003. (Which of the following provides the Medicare prescription drug benefit?)
Graves' disease - this is an autoimmune disease in which the thyroid is overactive and produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.
Kava - Herbal med used to treat anxiety
Nexum - Used to treat GERD.
Zetia, Vytorin, Crestor - Used to treat high cholesterol.
What is the generic drug suffix for a proton pump inhibitor? PRAZOLE

How many drops per minute should be delivered if a physician writes an order for 400 mL of D5W to be infused over a 4-hour time period, and the IV drop factor is 12 gtt/mL? (total number of minutes --> find the individual mL for the individual minutes --> multiply that individual mL by the IV drop factor, to get the number of drops per minute [as asked]).

- Find the total number of minutes (240 minutes)

- # mL infused in 1 minute (400/240 = 1.67)

- Multiply # mL infused in 1 minute by the drop factor (1.67 x 12 = 20 drops per minute) --> 20 gtt

A drug sells for $29.99 retail and has a wholesale cost of $19.74. The dispensing cost is $3.20. What is the pharmacy's net profit?

We have the retail price ($29.99), wholesale cost ($19.74), and the dispensing cost ($3.20).
Find the gross profit = Retail Price - Wholesale Cost (29.99 - 19.74 = $10.25).
Find the net profit = Gross Profit - Dispensing Cost (10.25 - 3.20 = $7.05)

"basically move rightwards"

You are planning to prepare 600 mL of 20% dextrose solution, by mixing your 5% and 50% dextrose solution. How much of each solution will be needed?

200mL of 50%, 400mL of 5%

Both of these solutions are calculated through a tic-tac toe square. In the middle, the preparation number is settled. Subtract both halves and put the answers diagnally from them.

For the multiplication, add both answers together (from the right-hand part of the tic-tac toe), then for each solution, put the subtracted value / total calculated value. Multiply this by the preparation volume (600mL in this case), and you'll get the needed mL for each solution.

Drug Effects

Antagonism - Two drugs work against each other
Synergism - Two drugs make a massive impact together
Additive effect - Effect of two drugs together = sum of their individual effects
Potentiation - One drug allows the other drug to reach its crazy potential

Drug Scheduling

Drugs are categorized by the potential for abuse. Schedule V is the least likely to be abused.

Schedule I drugs: Heroin, marijuana, ecstasy
Schedule II drugs: OxyContin, fentanyl, adderall
Schedule III drugs: Ketamine, testosterone
Schedule IV drugs: Xanax, tramadol, ambien, talwin

Test 2 [PT #2]

Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/811283479/ptcb-2-flash-cards/?funnelUUID=ef07f3ac-89fb-43f4-9794-9776becc95bb

Drug Recalls by the FDA

Class I - most serious
Class II - less serious (temporary adverse health problems)
Class III - adverse health effects are very unlikely

According to federal law, DEA forms need to be maintained for 2 years. An order is written to administer 2 liters of an IV fluid over 18 hours. What will the flow rate be?

2L --> 2,000mL
2000mL/18hr --> 111.11 mL/hr

An order is written for 500 mL of NS to infuse at 40 gtt/min. How long would it take to infuse the NS if the set delivers 10 gtt/mL?

10 gtt/mL = 10 drops per mL
10 x 500 = 5,000 drops
40 gtt/min --> 400 drops per minute
5,000/40 = 125 minutes

Test 3 [PT #3]

Quizlet: https://quizlet.com/814319543/ptcb-3-flash-cards/?new

PPO plans (preferred provider organization) - For free, you use providers in your [health] plan's network. [PPO plans provide substantial discounts for doctors and hospitals in the network. When using out-of-network providers, PPO members are reimbursed at a reduced rate. With a PPO, members can see the doctor or specialist they like without having to see a PCP first. PPO premiums tend to be higher than HMO plans, and there is usually a deductible.]