Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute/Volume 7

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3750156Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute — Volume 7

TRANSACTIONS

AND

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE,

1874.

VOL. VII.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE INSTITUTE,

BY

JAMES HECTOR, M.D., F.R.S.

Issued July, 1875.

WELLINGTON:
JAMES HUGHES, PRINTER, LAMBTON QUAY

TRUBNER & CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON.

ERRATA ET ADDENDA.

PAGE
117,	line 20, for fall read pall.
118,	{{{1}}}„10 from bottom, for all read able.
139,	{{{1}}}„13, after lizard insert "Dr. Thomson found the intervertebral plate of a small Cetacean in the cave, lying on the surface. It is 2.85 inches in diameter."
	in the foot-note, after short bill add "Its nearest ally appears to be Biziura lobata."
200,	at end of reference, add "31, tarsus; 32, metatarsi or toes; 33, hallux or hind toe."
344,	in foot-note \|\|, line 2, before species add this.
401,	line 17, for though read through.
405,	in foot-note, for at end of Art. LXXV. read on page 461.
421,	in foot-note, after "throughout" at end of first paragraph insert "Extract from Report."
	in the next paragraph, for Urunui read massive,
	line 5 from bottom, for nine read eight.
422,	foot-note, line 8, for shingle read bluish.

CONTENTS.

TRANSACTIONS.

I.—Miscellaneous.
			PAGES
Art.	I.	The Mythology and Traditions of the Maori in New Zealand. By the Rev. J. F. H. Wohlers, of Ruapuke, Southland	3–53
	II.	Researches and Excavations carried on in and near the Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner Road, in the year 1872. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.RS., President	54–85
	III.	Notes on an ancient Native Burial Place near the Moa-bone Point, Sumner. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum	86–91
	IV.	Notes on the Moa-hunter Encampment at Shag Point, Otago. By Julius Haast, Ph. D., F.R.S., etc.	91–98
	V.	On the Identity of the Moa-hunters with the present Maori Race. By Alexander McKay, of the Geological Survey Department	98–105
	VI.	On the Hot Winds of Canterbury. By Alexander McKay	105–107
	VII.	Observations regarding the Hot Winds of Canterbury and Hawke Bay. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S.	107–112
	VIII.	Notes upon the probable Changes that have taken place in the Physical Geography of New Zealand since the arrival of the Maori. By T. H. Cockburn-Hood, F.G.S.	112–120
	IX.	Notes on Maori Traditions of the Moa. By J. W. Hamilton	121–122
	X.	Description of the Moa Swamp at Hamilton. By B. S. Booth. Communicated by Captain Hutton	123–138
	XI.	Notice of the Earnscleugh Cave. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S. With Remarks on some of the more remarkable Moa Remains found in it. By Professor Millen Coughtrey, M.D.	138–144
	XII.	On the Discovery of a cut Stump of a Tree, giving Evidence of the Existence of Man in New Zealand at or before the Volcanic Era. By John Goodall	144–146
	XIII.	Description of a Wreck found at the Haast River. From a Report to his Honour J. A. Bonar, Superintendent. By Thomas Turnbull, Chief Harbour-master of Westland. Communicated by W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	146–148
	XIV.	Notes on the reported Collision of Biela's Comet with the Earth's Atmosphere. By Henry Skey	148–149
	XV.	On the Zodiacal Light, as seen in Southern Latitudes. By Henry Skey	150–152
	XVI.	On a new Thermometer for Lecture Purposes. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College	152–154
	XVII.	A Scheme of University and General Education. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Associate Royal School of Mines and Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College	154–164
	XVIII.	On University Education. By the Rev. C. Frazer, M.A.	164–167
	XIX.	The Claims of Science in National Education. By Josiah Martin	168–175
	XX.	On Early Instruction. By J. Adams, B.A.	175–180
	XXI.	On Forest Culture. By J. C. Firth	181–195

II.—Zoology.
	XXII.	On the Ornithology of New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller, D.Sc., F.L.S., F.G.S., F.R.G.S.	197–211
	XXIII.	Notes on certain disputed Species of New Zealand Birds. By Walter L. Buller, D.Sc, C.M.Z.S.	211–212
	XXIV.	On the Existence of two Species of Hieracidea in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller	213–214
	XXV.	Notes on an alleged new Species of Tern (Sterna alba, Potts). By Walter L. Buller	214–215
	XXVI.	Description of a new Species of Petrel (Procellaria affinis). By Walter L. Buller	215–216
	XXVII.	On the Occurrence of Plotus novæ-hollandiæ in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller	217–218
	XXVIII.	Notice of a new Species of Parrakeet in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller	219–220
	XXIX.	On the Genus Himantopus in New Zealand. By Walter L. Buller	220–224
	XXX.	On some Additions to the Collection of Birds in the Colonial Museum. By Walter L. Buller	224–225
	XXXI.	Preliminary Remarks on some New Zealand Birds. By Otto Finsch, Ph.D., of Bremen, Hon. Mem. N.Z.I., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. Brit. Orn. Union, etc.	226–236
	XXXII.	On the Occurrence of Lamna cornubica, Porbeagle Shark, Flem., the Mako of the Maoris, in New Zealand. By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S., Director of the Canterbury Museum	237–238
	XXXIII.	On the Occurrence of Leptocephalus longirostris, Kaup, on the Coast of New Zealand. By Julius Haast	238
	XXXIV.	Notes on New Zealand Ichthyology. By James Hector, M.D., F.R.S., Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand	239–250
	XXXV.	Notes on New Zealand Whales. By James Hector	251–265
	XXXVI.	Description of some Plates of Baleen in the Otago Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S.	266
	XXXVII.	Description of some Moa Remains from the Knobby Ranges. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S.; with anatomical Notes, by Millen Coughtrey, M.D.	266–273
	XXXVIII.	On the Dimensions of Dinornis Bones. By Captain F. W. Hutton	274–278
	XXXIX.	Description of two new Species of Aplysia. By Captain F. W. Hutton	279
	XL.	Description of two new Species of Crustacea from New Zealand. By Captain F. W. Hutton	279–280
	XLI.	Description of a new Species of Actinia. By Professor M. Coughtrey, M.D.	280
	XLII.	Notes on the New Zealand Hydroideæ. By Millen Coughtrey	281–293
	XLIII.	Description of a new Crustacean, Phronima novæ-zealandiæ. By Ll. Powell, M.D.	294–295
	XLIV.	On the Disappearance of the larger kinds of Lizard from North Canterbury. By the Rev. J. W Stack	295–297
	XLV.	On the Goodephagous Coleoptera of New Zealand. By H. W. Bates, F.L.S.	297–314
	XLVI.	On the Longicorn Coleoptera of New Zealand. By H. W. Bates	315–332

III.—Botany.
	XLVII.	On the flowering Plants and Ferns of the Chatham Islands. By John Buchanan, of the Geological Survey Department	333–341
	XLVIII.	Observations on the different Modifications in the Capsules of Mosses, with reference to the Dispersion of their Spores. By Captain F. W. Hutton, C.M.Z.S., etc.	342–347
	XLIX.	Description of a new Species of Senecio. By Thomas F. Cheeseman, F.L.S.	348
	L.	On the Fertilization of Acianthus and Cyrtostilis. By Thomas F. Cheeseman	349–352
	LI.	On Pterostylis squamata in New Zealand. By Thomas F. Cheeseman	352–353
	LII.	A Description of some new Species of Gymnostomum. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S.	354–355
	LIII.	Description of some New Zealand Lichens. By Charles Knight	356–367
	LIV.	Description of a new Lichen (Stereocaulon buchanani). By James Stirton, M.D. Communicated by John Buchanan	367–368
		Notes on Stereocaulon buchanani, Stirton. By Charles Knight, F.R.C.S., F.L.S.	368–369
	LV.	On the Occurrence of Hæmatococcus sanguineus on the Wool of a Dead Sheep. By Swen Berggren, Ph.D., Lund University. Communicated by Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.	369–370
	LVI.	On some of the Naturalized Plants of Otago. By G. M. Thomson	370–376
	LVII.	On Mottled Kauri. By James Stewart, C.E.	376–377
	LVIII.	Description of a new Species of Isoëtes. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.	377
	LIX.	On the Occurrence of Juncus lamprocarpus, Ehr., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk	378

IV.—Chemistry.
	LX.	On the Analogy of Cyanogen to Oxygen. By William Skey, Analyst to the Geological Survey of New Zealand	379–383
	LXI.	On the Evolution of Heat during the Hydration of Clay-slate, Clay, and Coal. By William Skey	384–387
	LXII.	Notes on the Formation and Constitution of Torbanite and similar Minerals. By William Skey	387–389
	LXIII.	On the Evolution of absorbed Sulphur from Carbon by Voltaic Action; with Notes upon the Rev. H. Highton's Theory for explaining the Evolution of this Gas from certain Batteries in Work. By William Skey	389–395
	LXIV.	On Duplex Telegraphy. By Charles Lemon, General Manager, New Zealand Telegraphs	396–403
	LXV.	On a Modification of the Electric Lamp for projecting the Spectra of different Metals on the Screen. By A. W. Bickerton, F.C.S., Professor of Chemistry in Canterbury College	403
	LXVI.	Notes on the Colouring Matter of Hæmatococcus sanguineus. By Llewellyn Powell, M.D.	404–405
	LXVII.	Notes on the Chemical Properties of some of the Strata from Mr. Firth's Well at Mount Eden. By J. A. Pond	405–407

V.—Geology.
	LXVIII.	Notes on Dr. Haast's supposed Pleistocene Glaciation of New Zealand. By W. T. L. Travers, F.L.S.	409–440
	LXIX.	On the Date of the Glacial Period; a Comparison of Views represented in Papers published in the Transactions of the N.Z. Institute, Vols. V. and VI. By A. Dudley Dobson, C.E.	440–446
	LXX.	The Glacial Period of New Zealand. By Thomas Mackay, C.E.	447
	LXXI.	Did the great Cook Strait River flow to the North-West or to the South-East? By J. C. Crawford, F.G.S.	448–451
		Some further Proofs as to the ancient Cook Strait River, and the Harbour of Wellington as a Freshwater Lake; also, a Consideration of the Date at which the Islands were united. By J. C. Crawford	451–453
	LXXII.	On the Wanganui Tertiaries. By C. W. Purnell	453–457
	LXXIII.	Description of three new Tertiary Shells in the Otago Museum. By Captain F. W. Hutton, F.G.S., C.M.Z.S.	458
	LXXIV.	Notes on the Microscopic Structure of certain Igneous Rocks submitted by the Director of the Geological Survey of New Zealand. By Richard Daintree, F.G.S., Agent-General for Queensland. Communicated by Dr. Hector	458–460
	LXXV.	Deep Sinking in the Lava Beds of Mount Eden. By J. C. Firth	460–464

PROCEEDINGS.

WELLINGTON PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY.
Anniversary Address of the President, Charles Knight, F.R.C.S.			467–487
On Ergot in Rye Grass. By Dr. Hector, F.R.S.			488–489
Notice of Ceratodus fosteri, Krefft, or Barramunda, of the Queensland Rivers. By Dr. Hector			490–491
Account of Soundings taken by the "Challenger" Expedition. By Dr. Hector			491–492
Notice of the New Zealand Avocet and Procellaria lessoni. By Dr. Hector			492
On the Position of Sulphocyanogen among the Elements, with Notes upon the Series of double Sulphocyanides discovered by the Author in 1868. By W. Skey			502
Memorandum on the Longitude of Wellington Observatory. By Captain Nares, of H.M.S. "Challenger," with enclosing letter by Dr. Hector. Communicated by the Hon. the Colonial Secretary			502–507
On the Occurrence of Lepilæna preissii, Muell., and Carex chlorantha, Br., in New Zealand. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.			508
Abstract Report of Council for 1874			508–509
Election of Officers for 1875			509
Notes on Hutton's Catalogue of the Marine Mollusca of New Zealand. By Dr. Ed. von Martens. Communicated by Dr. Hector			510
Note on Rallus modestus. By W. L. Buller, Sc.D., F.L.S.			511

AUCKLAND INSTITUTE.
Anniversary Address. By T. Heale			513–519
On Trees suitable for Streets and Avenues. By D. Hay			519–520
On Street Planting. By R. W. Dyson			521
Note on Danais berenice. By T. B. Gillies, M.H.R.			523–524
Note on the Habits of Gerygone flaviventris. By T. B. Gillies			524
Abstract of Annual Report			525
Election of Officers for 1875			525

PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF CANTERBURY.
On Wolffia. By Ll. Powell, M.D.			527
Results of Excavations and Researches in and near the Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner Road (Postscript). By Julius Haast, Ph.D., F.R.S.			528–530
Explanation of some personal Remarks made in Mr. Potts' Paper on the Birds of New Zealand, part IV., Trans. N.Z. Inst. Vol. VI. By Julius Haast			530–531
Resolutions regarding the Sumner Cave Exploration			531–533
Election of Officers for 1875			532
Abstract Report of the Council			533
Protest by Dr. Haast against Minutes of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			534–535
Further Resolutions regarding the Sumner Cave Exploration			535
Extract from the Minutes of a Meeting of the Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute, held 21st Dec, 1874			535–538

OTAGO INSTITUTE.
Remarks on a Paper by G. Thomson on the Naturalized Plants of Otago. By T. Kirk, F.L.S.			539
Notes on rare Ferns. By P. Thomson			540–541
Letter from Dr. Gray containing Notes on a Finner Whale			542
On some common Causes of Consumption in Otago. By Robert H. Bakewell, M.D.			543–544
Notes on the Moa. By W. H. S. Roberts			548–549
Comparison of the Marine Mollusca of South Australia with those of New Zealand. By W. Beddnal. Communicated by Captain Hutton			549
Communication from the Superintendent of Otago with regard to the Philadelphia Exhibition			549–550
Annual Report			550
Anniversary Address by the President, J. T. Thomson, F.R.G.S.			550–553
Election of Officers for 1875			555

NELSON ASSOCIATION.
Election of Officers for 1875			557
Notice of a Whale. By the Bishop of Nelson			558

NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE.
Sixth Annual Report by the Board of Governors			559–565
Accounts of the New Zealand Institute			565



APPENDIX.
Meteorological Statistics of New Zealand for 1874			xxi–xxiii
Earthquakes reported in New Zealand during 1874			xxiii
Comparative Abstract for 1874 and previous years			xxiv
Notes on the Weather during 1874			xxv–xxvii
Notes on the word "Moa" in the Poetry of the New Zealanders. By the Rev. James W. Stack			xxviii–xxix
Abstract of Meteorological Observations, taken at Delanasau, Bay of Islands, Bua, Fiji, for the year ending 31st Dec, 1873. By R. L. Holmes, F.M.S.			xxx
Observations on the Growth and Reproduction of the red Corpuscles of the Blood. By Robert H. Bakewell, M.D. Communicated by Dr. Hector			xxxi–xxxvii
Induction and Necessary Truth. By the Rev. R. Kidd, LL.D.			xxxviii–xlv
On Probability (Part I.). By the Rev. R. Kidd			xlvi–lviii
What is Science? By the Rev. R. Kidd			lviii–lxiv
Honorary Members of the New Zealand Institute			lxv
Ordinary Members			lxv–lxxiii
Errata et Addenda			iii
Contents			v–x
List of Plates			x
Board of Governors of the New Zealand Institute			xi
Abstracts of Rules and Statutes of the New Zealand Institute			xi–xiii
List of Incorporated Societies			xiv
Officers of Incorporated Societies and Extracts from the Rules			xiv–xvii

ILLUSTRATIONS.

		TO FACE PAGE
I.	Haast.—Plan and Sections of Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner		56
II.	{{{1}}}„ Map and Sections of Moa-bone Point Cave, Sumner		64
III.	{{{1}}}„ Sections of Moa-hunter Encampment, Shag Point {{{1}}}„ Sections of ancient Burial Place at Sumner	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	86
IV.	{{{1}}}„ Stone Implements from Burial Place at Sumner		88
V.	Booth.—Plan of Moa Swamp at Hamilton		128
VI.	Goodall.—Cut Stump of a Tree		144
VII.	Buller.—Diagram of a Bird		200
VIII.	{{{1}}}„ Prion vittatus, Pr. turtur, Pr. banksii, Platycercus novæ-zealandiæ, Pl. auriceps, Pl. alpinus, Orthonyx ochrocephala, O. albicilla, Certhiparus novæ-zealandiæ	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	208
IX.	{{{1}}}„ Hieracidea novæ-zealandiæ, H. ferox		214
X.	Hector.—Plectropoma huntii, Haplodactylus meandratus, Girella percoides, Chilodactylus douglasii, Scorpæna barathri	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	240
XI.	{{{1}}}„ Trachichthys intermedius, Caranx koheru, Platystethus abbreviatus, Macrurus armatus, Pseudorhombus boops, Maurolicus australis	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	248
XII.	Buchanan.—Myosotidium nobile		334
XIII.	{{{1}}}„ Veronica chathamica, Geranium traversii		336
XIV.	{{{1}}}„ Olearia semidentata		336
XV.	{{{1}}}„ Olearia angustifolia		340
XVI.	Hector.—Neobalæna marginata, Orca pacifica Globiocephalus macrorhynchus	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	260
XVI.A.	{{{1}}}„ Globiocephalus macrorhynchus		264
XVII.	{{{1}}}„ Neobalæna marginata		252
XVIII.	{{{1}}}„ Physalus antarcticus		256
XIX.	Hutton and Coughtrey.—Moa Remains		272
XX.	Coughtrey.—Hydroideæ		288
XXI.	Powell.—Phronima novæ-zealandiæ Hutton.—Aplysia brunnea, Aplysia venosa Cominella striata, Zizyphinus hodgei, Venus (?) sulcata	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	294
XXII.	{{{1}}}„ Capsules of Mosses		344
XXIII.	Knight.—Lichens		360
XXIV.	Berggren.—Hæmatococcus sanguineus		370
XXV.	Kirk.—Isoëtes alpinus Knight.—Stereocaulon buchanani	$\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$	368
XXVI.	Lemon.—Diagrams illustrating Duplex Telegraphy		398
XXVII.	{{{1}}}„ Diagrams illustrating Duplex Telegraphy		400
XXVIII.	Knight.—Different Species of Gymnostomum		354
XXIX.	Bakewell.—Blood Corpuscles		xxxvi
	Hutton.—Measurements of Dinornis bones		278