ii s. in. JAN. 21, ion.] NOTES AND QUERIES.
55
Duke of Arenberg takes the highest rank.
All the civil persons named above have a
higher rank than a general, but a lower one
than a field-marshal. H. G. WARD.
Aachen. [MR. HOLDEN MAcMicuAEL also thanked for reply.]
EMINENT LIBRARIANS : J. G. COGSWELL (11 S. ii. 489, 538; iii. 13). Joseph Green Cogswell, the original librarian of the Astor Library, New York City, brought to this country the first copy of Shakespeare's First Folio, which he purchased for the Library in 1849 at the now enviable price of 161.
It may not be amiss to say here that in 1895 the Astor and Lenox Libraries, both of which had received additional large endow- ments from the families of their respective founders, were consolidated with the Tilden Trust which possessed a fund of over two million dollars to form the present New York Public Library. The great building, for its main occupancy is not yet completed, and the Astor and Lenox branches are still in their original homes. The number of volumes possessed by the consolidated libraries is considerably over a million and a quarter, not counting more than a quarter million of pamphlets. M. C. L.
New York.
A " memorial " volume of Cogsw'ell's life and labours was written by Anna E. Ticknor, and privately printed at Boston, Massachu- setts, in 1874. JOHN T. LOOMIS.
Washington, D.C.
PAUPER'S BADGE (US. ii. 487). It may perhaps be worth remembering that Edie Ochiltree, the old beggarman in Scott's
- Antiquary,' is introduced to the reader as
wearing a long blue gown with a pewter badge on the right arm. This appears to have been the usual outward adornment of blue-gown beggars in Scotland towards the close of the eighteenth century. Originally known as " King's Bedesmen," they de- generated in course of time into a class of recognized mendicants. On the king's birth- day each bedesman received a gown or cloak of blue cloth. He also wore a large pewter badge, fastened to the breast of the gown, containing the bearer's name, together with the inscription " Pass and Repass." At Dundee in 1892 was exhibited, among a number of archaeological and historical articles, a " Dundee beggar's badge," the property of a local gentleman. Every king's birthday a new bedesman was added to the number, but this practice was dis- continued in 1833, at which period there were
sixty on the roll. In 1860 the number
had diminished to one. It will be observed
that the Scottish differed from the English
badge required under the Act of William III.
SCOTUS.
CHARLES FREDERICK HENNINGSEN AND KOSSUTH (11 S. ii. 510). There is a short account of Henningsen in Appleton's ' Cyclopaedia of American Biography.' He is there stated to have been born in England of Swedish parents in 1815, and to have died in Washington in 1877. According to the same authority he joined the Carlist army in 1834 and rose to the rank of colonel, served in the Russian army in Circassia, was with Kossuth in the Hungarian revolution, and went to the United States to represent Hungarian interests, was a brigadier-general under the filibustering president Walker of Nicaragua, and, finally, a brigadier- general in the Confederate army. He is said to have been an able artillerist, and to have devoted much attention to improvements in small arms. The titles of several of his published works are given.
EDWARD BENSLY.
Henningsen seems to have been a soldier of fortune. His first published work was a book of poetry, ' The Last of the Sophis,' issued by Longman in 1830. In 1831 he published through the same firm * Scenes from the Belgian Revolution.' The title implies some participation in Belgian affairs. Then comes the work by which he is, on the whole, best known, ' The Most Striking Events of a Twelvemonth's Campaign with Zumalacarregui in Navarre and the Basque Provinces,' by C. F. Henningsen, " Captain of Lancers in the service of Don Carlos," 2 vols., Murray, 1836. The book is the best account we have of the heroic chieftain, whose fall sounded the death-knell of Carlist hopes in Spain. Subsequently Henning- sen seems to have betaken himself to Hungary, where he served under Kossuth.
W. SCOTT.
" KEEP WITHIN COMPASS," TAVERN SIGN (11 S. ii. 505). In the village of West Haddon, Northamptonshire, there is an inn known as " The Compass." Up till about 1860 the following words were displayed beneath the sign :
Keep within Compass,
And then you '11 be sure
To avoid many troubles
That others endure.
JOHN T. PAGE.
