Zincke nitration
Appearance
Zincke nitration | |
---|---|
Named after | Theodor Zincke |
Reaction type | Substitution reaction |
Identifiers | |
RSC ontology ID | RXNO:0000413 |
The Zincke nitration is a nitration reaction in which a bromine is replaced by a nitro group on an electron-rich aryl compound such as a phenol or cresol. Typical reagents are nitrous acid or sodium nitrite. The reaction is a manifestation of nucleophilic aromatic substitution and is named after Theodor Zincke, who first reported it in 1900.[1][2]
Two examples:[3]
and:[4]
The Zincke nitration should not be confused with the Zincke–Suhl reaction or the Zincke reaction.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Zincke, Th. (1900). "Ueber die Einwirkung von salpetriger Säure auf Brom- und Chlorderivate von Phenolen". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 61 (1): 561–567. doi:10.1002/prac.19500610145.561-567&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/prac.19500610145&rft.aulast=Zincke&rft.aufirst=Th.&rft_id=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90826q/f571.image.r=journal%20praktische%20chemie.langDE&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zincke nitration" class="Z3988">
- ^ Zincke, Th. (1900). "Ueber die Einwirkung von Salpetersäure auf Halogenderivate des p-Kresols". J. Prakt. Chem. (in German). 63 (1): 183–187. doi:10.1002/prac.19010630111.183-187&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/prac.19010630111&rft.aulast=Zincke&rft.aufirst=Th.&rft_id=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90828d/f192.image.r=Journal%20f%C3%BCr%20praktische%20Chemie.langDE&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zincke nitration" class="Z3988">
- ^ Raiford, L. Chas.; LeRosen, Arthur L. (1944). "The Nitration of Brominated Fluorophenols by the Zincke Method". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 66 (11): 1872–1873. doi:10.1021/ja01239a020.1872-1873&rft.date=1944&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021/ja01239a020&rft.aulast=Raiford&rft.aufirst=L. Chas.&rft.au=LeRosen, Arthur L.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zincke nitration" class="Z3988">
- ^ Raiford, L. Chas.; Miller, Glen R. (1933). "Behavior of Mixed Halogenated Phenols in the Zincke Method of Nitration". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 55 (5): 2125–2131. doi:10.1021/ja01332a059.2125-2131&rft.date=1933&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021/ja01332a059&rft.aulast=Raiford&rft.aufirst=L. Chas.&rft.au=Miller, Glen R.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Zincke nitration" class="Z3988">